Dilated cardiomyopathy, one of the leading causes of heart failure in the United States, is a multifactorial disease that includes both hereditary and acquired forms.1 In patients, it has been shown that dilated cardiomyopathy can be a sequela of viral myocarditis.2 Although many different infectious agents have been attributed as the cause of viral myocarditis, enteroviruses, in particular Cox...

Increased macrophage infiltration in tissues including white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle has been recognized as a pro-inflammatory factor that impairs insulin sensitivity in obesity. However, the relationship between tissue macrophages and energy metabolism under non-obese physiological conditions is not clear. To study a homeostatic role of macrophages in energy homeostasis, we depleted...

Generation of effective immune responses against pathogenic microbes depends on a fine balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is essential in regulating this balance and has garnered renewed interest recently as a modulator of the response to infection at the JAK-STAT signaling axis of host responses. Here, we examine how IL-10 functions as the "master regu...

The immune system is complex and pervasive as it functions to prevent or limit infections in the human body. In a healthy organism, the immune system and the redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body. The failure to maintain the balance may lead to impaired immune response and either over activity or abnormally low activity of the immune cells resulting in autoimmune or...

While traditionally considered to be an immune privileged site, the eye, and in particular the retina, is nonetheless endowed with immune-competent cells capable of engaging powerful immune regulatory networks. By understanding the mechanisms that promote immune well-being in the eye, we are able to generate therapies which combat undue immune-mediated damage not only by revealing mechanisms th...