successful clearance of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a promising event in which host's immune system will attempt to get rid of the virus. the immunological events of hbsag seroclearance have attracted great attention in both natural history investigations and therapeutic trials. recent genome-wide association studies (gwas) has confirmed polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (hla)-dp locu...

Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic infiltrations from the mucosal tract. Nowadays, the use of vaccines has been widely investigated for the prevention of different infectious diseases, infertility, immune disorders, malignancies, and allergies. Broad-spectrum adjuvant substances have been studied for immune system stimulation with a greater efficiency against specific antigens. V...

The immune elimination of soluble BSA, following an intravenous injection, is accompanied by the appearance of circulating antigen-antibody complexes. The pattern of the appearance of circulating antigen-antibody complexes and the immune elimination of antigen probably depends on the amount of antigen injected, the rate of antibody synthesis, and perhaps, the quality of antibody produced. There...

in this study one lymph node from cow with viral lymphosarcoma and one lymph node from healthy cow were analyzed by three different methods for protein extraction, include simple homogenizing in pbs, sonication and phenol extraction. tumor antigen detection relies on immunoprecipitation followed by sds-page. in this experiment streptococcus pyogenes was used for purification of immune complexes...

Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) are outer membrane vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria that can be used to design affordable subunit vaccines. GMMA have been observed induce a potent humoral immune response in preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, studies, it has found exploited as optimal antigen carriers both protein saccharide antigens, they able promote th...

Abstract Exhausted immune responses to chronic diseases represent a major challenge global health. To explore their cell fate and plasticity in exhaustion, we analyzed CD4+T cells mouse model with regulatable antigen presentation. When the are driven through effector phase, then exposed different levels of persistent antigen, they lose Th1 functions, upregulate exhaustion markers, resemble natu...

Skin is a unique target for vaccination. Targeting keratinocytes to produce proinflammatory mediators improve immunity rational approach vaccine design. Keratinocytes genetically engineered overexpress the stress response related transcription factor x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) increased production of and co-delivered antigen. Keratinocyte-specific overexpression XBP1 through cutaneous genet...

A vast body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles function as potent immune-modulatory agents. We have previously shown that Merck proprietary Lipid NanoParticles (LNPs) markedly boost B-cell and T-cell responses to sub-unit vaccine antigens in mice. To further evaluate the specifics of vaccine delivery and dosing regimens in vivo, we performed immunogenicity studies in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mic...

The immune system must discriminate between agents of disease and an organism's healthy cells. While the identification of an antigen as self/non-self is critically important, the dynamic features of antigen presentation may also determine the immune system's response. Here, we use a simple mathematical model of immune activation to explore the idea of antigen discrimination through dynamics. W...

The immune-modulating effects of radiotherapy (XRT) have gained considerable interest recently, and there have been multiple reports of synergy between XRT and immunotherapy. However, additional preclinical studies are needed to demonstrate the antigen-specific nature of radiation-induced immune responses and elucidate potential mechanisms of synergy with immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate the...