during the medieval iranian history, many of courtiers were aware of medicine. by the thirteenth and fourteenth century, under mongol yoke, a lot of minorities emancipated of abasid caliphate ties and could perform his religious deed. because of his jewish affiliation, rashid al-dincould join as an apothecary in the mongolian circles. large though mongol numbers were, they employed iranian sage...

yarghv was the exclusive mongol jurisdiction court to resolve claims and disputes in various fields and was formed in most areas of the mongol empire, including the patriarch of iran (654-750 ah). the court mostly took place for political and some economical and social crimes, in mongol military camps. in this court, some methods similar to islamic courts were used, such as testimony, forced co...

according to historical sources, in time of oljaito reign the city was built at the foot hills of bisotun mountain that called sultan abad-e chamchamal. it was a main political region during the ilkhanid period.due to the lack of archaeological studies, the exact position of this important site remains unclear and its exact location is the problems questioned in the archaeology of that region.i...

abolqasem kashani, the shi’i historian of ilkhanid era, due to the influence of new situation that appeared after abbasid caliphate’s fall and the rise of ilkhanids, offers a new historiographical perspective. he tries to avoid prejudice and by accuracy and tolerance, studies history and intends to strengthen the social and political position of the shi’is; hence he tries to present a logical d...