Dos frutos de Ilex paraguariensis foram isolados um novo glicosídeo triterpenóide, o ácido rotúndico 3β-O-α-L-arabinopiranosídeo, denominado matesídeo (4), os triterpenos ácido ursólico (1), ácido acetilursólico (2), ácido 23-hidroxi-ursólico (3) e as saponinas ziyu-glicosídeo I (5) e ilexosídeo II (6). As estruturas foram estabelecidas com base em métodos espectroscópicos, principalmente RMN m...

Plants of one evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) and three deciduous oaks (Q. faginea, with small leaves; Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur, with large leaves) were exposed both to filtered air and to enhanced ozone levels in Open-Top Chambers. Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica were studied for the first time. Based on visible injury, gas exchange, chlorophyll content and biomass responses, Q. pyrenaica was the mo...

A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-DAD-ELSD) method for simultaneous determination of eight major bioactive compounds including two flavonoids (rutin and eriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), two isochlorogenic acids (isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C) and four triterpenoids (ilexhainanoside D, ilexsap...

Ilex asprella, which contains abundant α-amyrin type triterpenoid saponins, is an anti-influenza herbal drug widely used in south China. In this work, we first analysed the transcriptome of the I. asprella root using RNA-Seq, which provided a dataset for functional gene mining. mRNA was isolated from the total RNA of the I. asprella root and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Then, the cDNA library...

A new facility has been developed to investigate the formation of new particles from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted from vegetation. The facility consists of a biogenic emissions enclosure, an aerosol growth chamber, and the associated instrumentation. Using the facility, new particle formation events have been induced through the reaction of ozone with three different prec...

Climate extremes such as cold spells are becoming more frequent climate variability increases. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of winter on forest cover, tree growth and leaf sapwood non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. We analyzed changes in cover using remote sensing data compared radial coexisting defoliated Pinus halepensis trees non-defoliated P. pinaster trees...

It is known that a transform of Liouville type allows one to pass from an equation of the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) hierarchy to a corresponding equation of the Camassa-Holm (CH) hierarchy [2, 39]. We give a systematic development of the correspondence between these hierarchies by using the coefficients of asymptotic expansions of certain Green’s functions. We illustrate our procedure with some ...

The excretion of sulphate by the isolated Malpighian tubules of Calliphora vomitoria has been investigated. Contrary to expectation, it was found that the isolated tubules are freely permeable to sulphate. The rate of sulphate secretion is comparable to the rates of secretion of both phosphate and chloride. The excretion of sulphate by the intact fly has also been verified.