Two-tiered putting green profiles feature a sand root zone that sits above a layer of gravel, creating a textural boundary where water is perched or preferentially retained (6). The greater the difference in particle sizes, the more water is retained in the fine-textured layer above (8). Hard, brittle, cemented layers have been observed to form at textural boundaries in two-tiered putting green...

The study aims to estimate an international reserves demand model for China using economic growth, propensity to import, real effective exchange rate and trade openness variables for quarterly period spanning from 1985Q1 to 2014Q4.The bounds testing technique to cointegration is used to test for a long run relationship, while the autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate short...

mowing. It is run along the ground on one large wheel which is f ree of the motor operat ing the cutter bar. I t can be tilted to cut up or down slopes and can be pivoted sharply in any direction. It has been found part icularly valuable for cutting around trees, boulders, t raps, creek-bottoms, and other golf course obstructions which formerly required hand cutt ing. The motor scythe, powered ...

Uniform deviation bounds limit the difference between a model’s expected loss and its loss on an empirical sample uniformly for all models in a learning problem. As such, they are a critical component to empirical risk minimization. In this paper, we provide a novel framework to obtain uniform deviation bounds for loss functions which are unbounded. In our main application, this allows us to ob...

Theoretical relative ages of galactic globular clusters have recently been challenged by a semi-empirical relation. It was used to point out that tested sets of isochrones were unable to reproduce the relation and yield internally inconsistent relative ages. We find that differential cluster ages derived with the isochrones by Salaris & Weiss (1998) are reliable and internally consistent. We al...

The general problem of representing the Greens function G(k,z) in terms of self-energy in field theories lacking Wick’s theorem is considered. A simple construction shows that a Dyson-like representation with a self-energy !(k,z) is always possible, provided we start with a spectral representation for G(k,z) for finite-sized systems and take the thermodynamic limit. The self-energy itself can t...

Recent work introduced loss functions which measure the error of a prediction based on multiple simultaneous observations or outcomes. In this paper, we explore the theoretical and practical questions that arise when using such multi-observation losses for regression on data sets of (x, y) pairs. When a loss depends on only one observation, the average empirical loss decomposes by applying the ...