Nephrotoxicity is an important clinical side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide. This medication is activated by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system with potentially toxic metabolites produced through both ring hydroxylation and chloroethyl side chain oxidation pathways. Using an isolated perfused rat kidney preparation, we examined the possibility that renal metabolism of ifosfamid...

Cyclophosphamide-induced bladder malignancy is a well-known entity mediated by its metabolic product, acrolein. There is a significant association between the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis during treatment and the later development of malignancies. We report a case of multifocal urothelial carcinoma occurring in a patient treated with ifosfamide 19 years ago. No case report of ifosfamide-in...

Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity has been reported in approximately 10-30% of patients receiving intravenous infusions of ifosfamide. Encephalopathy is a rare but serious CNS adverse reaction in these patients, and although usually transient and reversible, may cause persistent neurological dysfunction or death. Clinical features range from fatigue and confusion to coma and death. Although...

Ifosfamide is a cytostatic drug commonly used in chemotherapy. One of the common adverse effects resulting from the treatment with ifosfamide is encephalopathy. This paper describes a case study of a 64-year-old patient who suffered from a full-blown encephalopathy as a result of chemotherapy administered during the treatment of fibrosarcoma of the femur. It provides a hypothesis of the mechani...

V79 cells, genetically engineered to express active cytochromes P450IIB1 and P450IA1, were used to study the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Cyclophosphamide, tested up to a concentration of 2 mM, was not cytotoxic in V79 nor in the P450IA1-expressing V79-derived cell line XEM2. Pronounced cytotoxicity was, however, observed in the P450IIB1-expressing V79-deriv...

the genitouninamy system. Itostamide has been found to produce hemorrhagic cystitis in 40 to 50% of the patients receiving the drug in single high doses (7, 9, ii). This type of toxicity is accompanied by dysunia and frequency. Azo temia also has been observed in patients receiving doses of 150 mg/kg (11). Cardiac toxicity has not been reported with doses of Ifostamide used to date. Because of ...

QUESTIONS In adult patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma, do combination chemotherapy regimens containing ifosfamide have an advantage in terms of response rate, time to progression, or survival, as compared with similar regimens without ifosfamide when used as first-line therapy? What are the adverse effects and effects on quality of life of ifosfamide-con...

BACKGROUND Ifosfamide, which is routinely given to treat a variety of solid tumours in children, causes serious nephrotoxicity in treated children. Previous in vitro studies have shown that depletion of intracellular glutathione can enhance ifosfamide nephrotoxicity. Presently, there is no therapeutic agent that can prevent ifosfamide nephrotoxicity. We have recently shown that N-acetylcysteine...