Existing semantic theories of appositive relative clauses (ARCs) assume that ARCs contribute asserted but not at-issue content (Böer & Lycan [4], Bach [3], Chierchia & McConnell-Ginet [5], Potts [13], AnderBois et al. [2], Murray [12]). In this paper I demonstrate that the information status of ARCs depends on their linear position in the clause: clause-medial ARCs are not at-issue whereas clau...

Input Cover Number (denoted by ) is introduced as a metric for diÆculty of propositional resolution derivations. If F = fCig is the input CNF formula, then F(D) is de ned as the minimum number of clauses Ci needed to form a superset of (i.e., cover) clause D. Input Cover Number provides a re nement of the clause-width metric in the sense that it applies to families of formulas whose clause widt...

in state-investor dispute, investor tends that umbrella clause transfers all contractual claims to treaty claims. by contracts, state follows narrow interpretation of this clause. up to ilc articles, establishing of responsibility of state for breach of contract requires tow preconditions. first state is merely responsible when state condoct has been of governmental nature and second is that br...

We present algorithms that learn certain classes of function-free recursive logic programs in polynomial time from equivalence queries. In particular, we show that a single k-ary recursive constant-depth determinate clause is learnable. Two-clause programs consisting of one learnable recursive clause and one constant-depth determinate non-recursive clause are also learnable, if an additional \b...

Abstract In police interviews with child witnesses, ground rules like ‘correct me when I say something wrong’ are established. Establishing these is required by guidelines, the aim of enhancing reliability children's testimonies. this article, we use conversation analysis to examine how practiced in thirty-eight Dutch witnesses. We focus on officers’ test questions practice such rules. found th...

In linguistics, if -clauses have attracted the interest of scholars working on syntax, typology and pragmatics alike. This article examines if- clauses as a resource available to tour guides for reorienting visitors’ visual attention towards an object interest. The data stem from 11 video-recorded tours in Italian, French, German Dutch (interpreted into Flemish Sign Language). this setting, rec...

DPLL During search, DPLL states are pairs M ||F where M is a truth assignment F is a set of clauses (problem clauses + learned clauses) The truth assignment is a list of literals: either decision literals (guesses) or implied literals (by unit propagation). If literal l is implied by unit propagation from clause C ∨ l, then the clause is recorded as the explanation for l. This is written lC∨l i...

interpreter for logic programs Input: a goal G and a program P Output: an instance of G that is a logical consequence of P, or no otherwise. Algorithm: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 initialize the resolvent to G. while the resolvent is not empty do choose a goal A from the resolvent choose a (renamed) clause A’ B1, ..., Bn from P such that A and A’ unify with MGU Θ. (if no such goal and clause exist, exit ...

This paper shows that a minimization version of satisfiability is strongly NP-hard, even if each clause contains no more than two literals and/or each clause contains at most one unnegated variable. The worst-case and average-case performances of greedy and probabilistic greedy heuristics for the problem are examined, and tight upper bounds on the performance ratio in each case are developed. K...

We prove the completeness of (basic) deduction strategies with constrained clauses modulo associativity and commutativity (AC). Here each inference generates one single conclusion with an additional equality s = AC t in its constraint (instead of one conclusion for each minimal AC-uniier, i.e. exponentially many). Furthermore, computing AC-uniiers is not needed at all. A clause C T ] ] is redun...