Patents in the life sciences industries are a key form of intellectual property (IP), particularly for products such as brand-name drugs and medical devices. However, trade secrets can also be a useful tool for many types of innovations. In appropriate cases, trade secrets can offer long-term protection of IP for a lower financial cost than patenting. This type of protection must be approached ...

Among the many trade conoicts that divide the postindustrial economies of Europe, the United States, Japan, and the Commonwealth from the less information-driven economies of the rest of the world, one of the most consequential is the debate over how to balance access to medicines with the intellectual property protection demanded by their developers. Among the many facets of this debate is the...

This article describes the nature of bioinformatics and how the various components of bioinformatics relate to intellectual property law. The article begins by "decomposing" bioinformatics into three categories: (A) biological sequences such as DNA, RNA, and protein sequences; (B) databases in which these sequences are organized; and (C) software and hardware designed to access, organize, and a...

Steganography is the science of hiding secret information in any cover data. It is mainly used for hidden communication between any people. The main aim of steganography concentrates on higher data payload ie., the maximum amount of secret data that can be hidden inside a particular cover media and the invisibility of the hidden data. This paper proposes a new algorithm for the same and the sec...

Some assets are traded in liquid markets, at transparent prices, with the help of many thriving intermediaries: houses and apartments, stocks and other financial products, books, DVDs, electronics and all sorts of collectibles. Intellectual property (IP) in general and patents in particular (the focus of this paper) are not among those assets (Gans and Stern (2010)). The patent market consists ...

Trade poses risks and opportunities to public health nutrition. This paper discusses the potential food-related public health risks of a radical new kind of trade agreement: the Trans Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP). Under negotiation since 2010, the TPP involves Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the USA, and Vietnam. Here, we review th...