A t first glance, the notion that human rights violations, violence, and suffering would lead to a humanitarian response and to promotion of human rights and dignity would seem obvious. Yet history shows that the ultimate benefit of humanitarian action seldom accrues to the "victims." As a result of this conundrum, the humanitarian movement, exemplified by the French Doctors, has entered an unp...

T h e Lysenko case has become a symbol of the ideological dictate in science and its damaging consequences. It is often explained that in the years following World War 11, the Stalinist leadership launched an ideological and nationalistic campaign aimed at the creation of a Marxist-Leninist and/or distinctively Russian, non-Western science. Concepts and theories which were found idealistic or b...