It has been previously shown that 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE) attenuates the development of renal disease in genetic nephropathy associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 2-OHE, irrespective of its effects on metabolic status and/or obesity, exerts direct renoprotective effects in vivo. First, the effects of increasing doses of ...

More than 800 G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) are transcribed in the human genome (1). For many of these receptors, no endogenous ligand has been found, and, therefore, they are currently designated as orphan receptors. One such protein, GPR30, has been proposed to be an estrogen receptor (ER) (2, 3). GPR30 has been localized either to the cell plasma membrane (2) or to the endoplasmic retic...