Fish species identification is critical to the study of fish ecology and management of fisheries. Traditionally, dichotomous keys are used for fish identification. The keys consist of questions about the observed specimen. Answers to these questions lead to more questions till the reader identifies the specimen. However, such keys are incapable of adapting or changing to meet different fish ide...

In times of increasing easiness to produce publications, attempts have been made use the Code's requirements for publication declare controversial works unavailable. I advise against such strategy, because in this day and age, these are very easily met by anybody their violation difficult prove. This is illustrated one example each from herpetology, ichthyology, entomology. Contemporary with ta...

Analyses of blood samples in ichthyology are importance for assessment fish health as well responses to environmental stressors. The measurement results may be affected by multiple factors. This study aimed at the influence collection site comparing dual values indices measured obtained both from heart and puncturing caudal vessels same specimens. Our revealed that sampling did not significantl...

The weak electric organ discharges (EODs) of gymnotiform knife fishes can be readily amplified with a wideband amplifier connected to submerged electrodes. The output from such an amplifier can then be monitored with audio speakers or digitized for subsequent analysis. Commercially available devices are expensive and usually require mains electrical power. Here we provide design notes and instr...

In the last decade there was a remarkable increase in number of studies incorporating species functional traits to quantify diversity communities (i.e., diversity). The approach has contributed advances theoretical and applied ecology. Studies developed Brazil represent significant portion world's scientific production on stream fish diversity. However, is clear bias, with most assessing commun...