in this paper, countable compactness and the lindel¨of propertyare defined for l-fuzzy sets, where l is a complete de morgan algebra. theydon’t rely on the structure of the basis lattice l and no distributivity is requiredin l. a fuzzy compact l-set is countably compact and has the lindel¨ofproperty. an l-set having the lindel¨of property is countably compact if andonly if it is fuzzy compact. ...

For a class of fuzzy metric spaces (in the sense of George and Veeramani) with an H-type t-norm,  we present a method to construct a metric on a  fuzzy metric space. The induced metric space shares many important properties with the given fuzzy metric space.  Specifically, they generate the same topology, and have the same completeness. Our results can give the constructive proofs to some probl...

We have designed and fabricated two-color infrared light emitting diode (LED) emitting in the wavelength regions of 3–4 lm and 5–10 lm. The interband cascade (IC) LED device was grown on n-type GaSb substrate and has 30 cascaded stages for the long-wave infrared (LWIR) and 15 cascaded stages for the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) emission bands. The two active regions are separated by a 0.5 lm thick ...

The concept of fuzzy set was introduced by Zadeh in his classical paper [1]. This concept provides a natural foundation for treating mathematically the fuzzy phenomena, which exist pervasively in our real world, and for building new branches of fuzzy mathematics. In the area of Fuzzy Topology, introduced by Chang [2], much attention has been paid to generalize the basic concepts of General Topo...

in this paper, we investigate the l-fuzzy proximities and the relationships betweenl-fuzzy topologies, l-fuzzy topogenous order and l-fuzzy uniformity. first, we show that the category of-fuzzy topological spaces can be embedded in the category of l-fuzzy quasi-proximity spaces as a coreective full subcategory. second, we show that the category of l -fuzzy proximity spaces is isomorphic to the ...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the generalized topological molecular lattices as a generalization of Wang's topological molecular lattices,  topological spaces, fuzzy topological spaces, L-fuzzy topological spaces and soft topological spaces. Topological molecular lattices were defined by closed elements, but in this new structure we present the concept of the open elements and defi...

Effects of feeding ractopamine (RAC; 5 mg/kg) to physically castrated (PC) and immunologically castrated (IC) pigs on carcass characteristics, cutting yields, and loin quality were evaluated using 285 carcasses. Male pigs were randomly assigned to sex treatments (PC and IC) at birth and fed the same nursery diets before allotment into 32 pens with 22 pigs per pen in a grow-finish barn. Pigs in ...

Let M be a closed, connected manifold, and LM its loop space. In this paper we describe closed string topology operations in h∗(LM), where h∗ is a generalized homology theory that supports an orientation of M . We will show that these operations give h∗(LM) the structure of a unital, commutative Frobenius algebra without a counit. Equivalently they describe a positive boundary, two dimensional ...

In a fuzzy topology on a set X, the limit of a prefilter (i.e. a filter in the lattice [0,i] X) is calculated from the fuzzy closure. In this way convergence is derived from a fuzzy topology. In our paper we start with any rule "lira" which to any prefilter on X assigns, a function lira E [0,i] X. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the function lim in order that it can be derived f...