Recent evaluations of the impact of Turkish healthcare reforms on the efficiency of public hospitals suffer from simultaneous structural changes in the healthcare sector as well as from lack of data on some of the key ingredients of the reform. In this note, we analyze the major obstacles in a fair evaluation of the efficiency of public hospitals taking Sulku(2011)’s data envelopment analysis a...

This paper shows that patients with private health insurance (PHI) are being offered significantly shorter waiting times than patients with statutory health insurance (SHI) in German acute hospital care. This behavior may be driven by the higher expected profitability of PHI relative to SHI holders.Further,we find that hospitals offering private insurees shorter waiting times as compared to SHI...

We report the near to middle infrared luminescence and energy transfer process of Er(3+)/Yb(3+) co-doped fluorotellurite glasses under 980, 1550 and 800 nm excitations, respectively. Using a 980 nm laser diode pump, enhanced 1.5 and 2.7 μm emissions from Er(3+):I13/2→(4)I15/2 and I11/2→(4)I13/2 transitions are observed, in which Yb(3+) ions can increase pumping efficiency and be used as energy ...

Energy transfer mechanisms between Er and Pr in Er/Pr codoped germinate glass are investigated in detail. Under 980 nm LD pumping, 2.7 μm fluorescence intensity enhanced greatly. Meanwhile, 1.5 μm lifetime and fluorescence were suppressed deeply due to the efficient energy transfer from Er:I13/2 to Pr:F3,4, which depopulates the I13/2 level and promotes the 2.7 μm transition effectively. The ob...

It is generally thought that to generate active force in muscle, myosin heads (cross-bridges) that are attached to actin undergo large-scale conformational changes. However, evidence for conformational changes of the attached cross-bridges associated with force generation has been ambiguous. In this study, we took advantage of the recent observation that cross-bridges that are weakly attached t...

We have measured the pH dependence of the kinetics of C 0 2 hydration catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase I11 from the skeletal muscle of the cat. Two methods were used: an initial velocity study in which the change in absorbance of a pH indicator was measured in a stopped flow spectrophotometer, and an equilibrium study in which the rate of exchange of "0 between C 0 2 and H 2 0 was measured with ...

The crude ethanol extract obtained from the root of Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl was found to inhibit growth in the P388 leukemia system in mice. Kupchan and coworkers traced the significant pharmacological properties to a bisabolane sesquiterpene glycoside, (+)-phyllanthoside (0' Although the structure of the corresponding aglycon (+)-phyllanthocin (2) was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray dif...

The complex of xylan and iodine and its formation in a solution of xylan, CaCl2, and I2+KI was investigated by UV/Vis, second-derivative UV/Vis, and Raman spectroscopy. The complex forms only at very high concentrations of CaCl2, suggesting that when the water available in the solution is not sufficient to fully hydrate the calcium cation the chelation with the hydroxyl groups of the xylan can ...

The research process did not proceed in the traditional step-by-step manner. A theory generating approach was followed by way of exploration and description. The first three levels: factor isolating, factor relating and situation relating theories, were generated. A conceptual framework fnr psychiatric nursing accompaniment of the patient with mental discomfort was formulated on the basis of co...