Hyponatremia is a frequent complication of the advanced liver disease, being, as the hepatorenal syndrome, a consequence of the important circulatory dysfunction of cirrhosis. Hyponatremia is determined by the impaired capacity of the kidney to excrete free water, which leads to water retention disproportionate to sodium retention, thus causing low plasma osmolarity. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis i...

BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a disorder of fluid and electrolyte balance characterized by a relative excess of body water relative to body sodium content. It is the most common electrolyte disorder encountered in clinical medicine and is associated with negative outcomes in many chronic diseases. However, there is limited information in the literature about health care resource use and costs attr...

OBJECTIVE Hyponatremia after SAH was the object of several studies with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine a predictive correlation of hyponatremia with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor clinical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have used a retrospective hospital chart review of 82 patients with SAH treated from August 2008 to August 2010. Patients were divided...

BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in the hospitalized elderly sick patients. There is no existing record for profiling of symptomatic hyponatremia in elderly Indian subjects. OBJECTIVES To study clinical features and etiology of hyponatremia in elderly hospitalized patients. To classify severity of hyponatremia in hospitalized elderly METHODS All elderly patients a...

Hyponatremia is a common finding after subarachnoid hemorrhaging (SAH) and can be caused by either cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Distinguishing between these two entities can be difficult because they have similar manifestations, including hyponatremia, serum hypo-osmolality, and high urine osmolality. We herein report the case ...

Hyponatremia is a common disorder of water-electrolyte balance characterized by the decrease of plasma sodium ions concentration below 135 mM. Although water-electrolyte balance is regulated by a kidney, symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the disturbances of intracranial homeostasis and are attributed to brain swelling. Despite the importance of blood vessels function for the homeostasis o...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Hyponatremia is a common problem encountered in patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms. We undertook this study to investigate the clinical profile of patients with hyponatremia, the precipitating factors, the response to therapy and to compare, using these parameters, hyponatremia at presentation to that developing in the hospital. METHODS Seventy consecutive p...

Hyponatremia is a frequent complication following pituitary surgery. We report a case with hyponatremia after surgery of a pituitary adenoma that was successfully treated with tolvaptan. A 68-year-old man with a pituitary tumor presented with mild hyponatremia (133 mEq/L) before surgery. The patient developed hyponatremia (125 mEq) 4 days postsurgery, and 10% sodium chloride was infused. Seven ...

Hyponatremia is one of the most commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities occurring in up to 22% of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia usually reflects excess water retention relative to sodium rather than sodium deficiency. Volume status and serum osmolality are essential to determine etiology. Treatment depends on several factors, including the cause, overall volume status of the patien...