AIM Although "late onset hypogonadism", a condition that includes low testosterone and symptoms, is common in men over the age of 40 years, diagnosis is not clear cut amongst non-specialists. It is the aim of this review to provide an up to date picture of how this state should be diagnosed and managed. METHODS We aim to describe how primary and secondary hypogonadism should be excluded befor...

introduction h syndrome (omim 612391) is an autosomal recessive disease with some features such as hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, heart anomalies, hepatosplenomegaly, hearing deficit, hypogonadism, short stature, flexion contracture of fingers and toes and hypertriglyceridemia. case presentation a 17-year-old boy with hyperpigmented, hypertrichotic and indurated seborrheic keratosis-like cu...

BACKGROUND A high prevalence of hypogonadism in men with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported worldwide. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian males with T2DM and assess the primary and secondary hypogonadism along with androgen deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 900 men with T2DM were evaluated using androgen deficiency i...

INTRODUCTION This article, Part 1 of the Endocrine Society of Australia's position statement on male hypogonadism, focuses on assessment of male hypogonadism, including the indications for testosterone therapy. (Part 2 will deal with treatment and therapeutic considerations.) MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS Key points and recommendations are:Pathological hypogonadism arises due to diseases of the hypoth...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Data on hypogonadism among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Indians are not available. This study was aimed to evaluate the occurrence, pattern and predictors of hypogonadism in HIV-infected Indians. METHODS Consecutive stable HIV-infected patients, 18-70 yr age, without any severe comorbid state, having at least one year follow up data at the antiretroviral...

Late-onset hypogonadism is defined as a combination of low testosterone (T) levels and typical symptoms and signs. A major area of uncertainty is whether T concentrations are always really sufficient to fully reflect Leydig cell (dys)function. Mild testicular alteration could be diagnosed only by additional biochemical markers, such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Th...

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is common and occurs prematurely in HIV-infected men. However, HH with very low testosterone has not been described. Three men with normal pubertal development and HIV1 diagnosis at the ages of 22, 34 and 35 years. All complained of decreased libido, anejaculation and erectile dysfunction thirteen years, six months and one year after HIV diagnosis, respectivel...

BACKGROUND To date, no study has explored the association between androgen levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Chinese men. We aimed to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and total and free testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol, and hypogonadism in Chinese men. METHODS Our data, which were based on the population, were collected from ...