PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of surgical procedures in the treatment of inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) as a common disorder of ocular motility. METHODS This retrospective study was performed on patients with primary and secondary IOOA who underwent three surgical treatment procedures including disinsertion, myectomy and anterior transposition, between 2001 and 2011. Type of stra...

BACKGROUND The authors report a case of a rare complication that occurred after botulinum toxin injection to the extraocular muscle, which was easily overlooked and successfully corrected by surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A 34-year-old female patient visited our clinic for diplopia and ocular motility disorder after removal of an epidermoid tumor of the brain. At her initial visit, her best-corre...

Patients are frequently seen who show heterotropias on gaze in opposite directions, such as an esotropia on looking right and an exotropia on looking left, or a right hypertropia on looking up and a left hypertropia on looking down. These antipodal deviations may occur naturally as a congenital derangement, or may develop as a result of surgery or trauma (Urist, I964). Fortunately, in most case...

Purpose To understand the relationship of static ocular counter rolling (s-OCR) and clinical manifestations in acquired unilateral superior oblique palsy subjects during the Bielschowsky head tilt test. Methods Nineteen subjects that were diagnosed with acquired unilateral superior oblique palsy were included. Fundus photographs were obtained at different head tilt angles to evaluate static o...

PURPOSE Although alteration in hypertropia induced by head tilt is considered a clinical criterion for diagnosis of superior oblique (SO) palsy, the mechanism of this head-tilt-dependent hypertropia (HTDHT) is unclear. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study extraocular muscle (EOM) responses to head tilt in HTDHT. METHODS Orbital MRI was used to study 16 normal subj...