PURPOSE The relationship between refractory errors and intelligence and the importance of genetic, regional and environmental factors in such associations, were investigated in a group of school children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-seven students (34.3% boys and 65.7% girls) from two primary schools were enrolled in the study. Cycloplegic refraction was performed and a spheri...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive conditions in the adult population that visited primary care optometry clinics in Puerto Rico. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients examined at the Inter American University of Puerto Rico School of Optometry Eye Institute Clinics between 2004 and 2010. Subjects considered had best corrected visual acuity by standardized s...

PURPOSE To investigate the utility of uncorrected visual acuity measures in screening for refractive error in white school children aged 6-7-years and 12-13-years. METHODS The Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction (NICER) study used a stratified random cluster design to recruit children from schools in Northern Ireland. Detailed eye examinations included assessment of logMAR visual ...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors, among 6- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Dezful in western Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1375 Dezful schoolchildren were selected through multistage cluster sampling. After obtaining written consent, participants had uncorrected and corrected visual acuity tests and cycloplegic refraction at the school site....

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of the refractive errors in the elderly population of Sari, Iran Methods: In this study, after selecting the participants through random cluster sampling, they all received ocular examinations including visual acuity (VA) measurement, refraction, fundoscopy and tonometry. After measuring uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic refraction was perfor...

Determing the required optimal amount of laser correction formulas and nomograms were derived to using clinical functional results obtained in 233 patients with mild moderate hyperopia (233 eyes) before after FemtoLASIK.

PURPOSE Mutations in the membrane-type frizzled-related protein (MFRP) gene have been identified in patients with pathologic high hyperopia associated with nanophthalmos or microphthalmia. This study is to test if a mutation in MFRP is responsible for physiologic high hyperopia. METHODS DNA was prepared from venous leukocytes of 51 patients with physiologic high hyperopia (refraction of spher...

PURPOSE A classical twin study was performed to examine the relative importance of genes and environment in refractive error. METHODS Refractive error was examined in 226 monozygotic (MZ) and 280 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 49 to 79 years (mean age, 62.4 years). Using a Humphrey-670 automatic refractor, continuous measures of spherical equivalent, total astigmatism, and corneal astigmatism...

BACKGROUD To evaluate the manifestations of increased esodeviation under cycloplegia with 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine in children with hyperopia and esotropia. METHODS We reviewed the medical record of 34 children with hyperopia and esotropia who underwent a prism alternate cover test before and after instillation of mixed eye drops containing 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephri...