In this “clinical” contribution to the Bench to Clinic Symposia, we will show data to support the hypothesis that fasting hyperinsulinemia is the initial underlying cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and that the remission of the disease following bariatric surgery may be due to the correction of hyperinsulinemia. The intent of this article is to elicit critical thinking about the pathoph...

Subcutaneous insulin administration in the diabetic patient causes peripheral hyperinsulinemia, which contributes to vascular disease, hyperlipidemia and coagulation abnormalities. In the non diabetic patient, insulin is released from the pancreas into the portal system. The majority of this endogenous insulin is taken up by the liver in the first pass so that portal insulin exceeds peripheral ...

OBJECTIVES We investigated the incidence of hyperinsulinemia in patients presenting with tinnitus and evaluated the effect of diabetic diet on tinnitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum insulin levels were measured and oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 52 patients (26 males, 26 females; mean age 50 years; range 20 to 80 years) with idiopathic tinnitus. Those with hyperinsulinemia were gi...

To determine the influence of dietary fructose and glucose on circulating leptin levels in lean and obese rats, plasma leptin concentrations were measured in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH)-lesioned obese and sham-operated lean rats fed either normal chow or fructose- or glucose-enriched diets (60% by calories) for 2 wk. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the steady-state plasma glucose method...

Obesity is strongly associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, both primary risk factors for type 2 diabetes. It has been thought that increased fasting free fatty acids (FFA) may be responsible for the development of insulin resistance during obesity, causing an increase in plasma glucose levels, which would then signal for compensatory hyperinsulinemia. But when obesity is induc...

BACKGROUND Obesity, dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are key features of metabolic syndrome and are considered as risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as type 2 diabetes. The present study was aimed to determine whether or not IR associated hyperinsulinemia contributes to the BPH. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (9 weeks) were used in the study. R...

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been proposed as increasing risk for a variety of abnormalities and clinical syndromes, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess the trends in the mean concentrations of fasting serum insulin and the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia among nondiabetic adults during the periods of 1988-1994 and 19...

Individuals with chronically elevated glucose and/or insulin levels, i.e., most patients with type 2 diabetes, have accelerated atherosclerosis and are prone to acute vascular events. We have tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia singly or combined may increase tissue factor, the primary initiator of blood coagulation. We have determined changes in circulating tissue ...

Vasodilator Response to Local Hyperinsulinemia To the Editor: Cardillo et al recently reported that systemic but not local hyperinsulinemia causes nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation.1 They suggest that mechanisms stimulated only by systemic but not local hyperinsulinemia contribute to insulinmediated vasodilatation. We believe that this conclusion is mistaken. The changes in forearm blo...

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is often accompanied by hyperinsulinemia and may predispose to atherosclerosis. Endothelium plays a central role in atherogenesis. The in vivo effects of hyperinsulinemia on endothelial function of large conduit arteries are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five healthy subjects were enrolled for study. In study A (n=9), subjects underwent both a time-control ...