Hyperbolicity measures, in terms of (distance) metrics, how close a given graph is to being a tree. Due to its relevance in modeling real-world networks, hyperbolicity has seen intensive research over the last years. Unfortunately, the best known algorithms for computing the hyperbolicity number of a graph (the smaller, the more tree-like) have running time O(n), where n is the number of graph ...

Hyper-redundant (or snakelike) manipulators have many more degrees of freedom than are required to position and orient an object in space. They have been employed in a variety of applications ranging from search-and-rescue to minimally invasive surgical procedures, and recently they even have been proposed as solutions to problems in maintaining civil infrastructure and the repair of satellites...

.............................................................................................. I Acknowledgements ............................................................................ II ركشو ءادهآ .............................................................................................. IV List of Figures .................................................................................

introduction: recently, the incidence of fungal infections dramatically increased with an appearance of many novel species due to different criteria. therefore, several molecular methods have been established for identification of these agents which cause human and animal disorder based on genomic dna. among these methods, rapd-pcr technique is a powerful discriminative method based on amplifie...

Let S be a bipartite semigraph with |NXa(y)| ≥ 1 for every y ∈ Y . A vertex x ∈ X hyper dominates y ∈ Y if y ∈ Na(x) or y ∈ Na(NY a(x)). A subsetD ⊆ X is a hyper dominating set of S if every y ∈ Y is hyper dominated by a vertex ofD. A subsetD ⊆ X is called a minimal hyper dominating set of S if no proper subset of D is a hyper dominating set of S. The minimum cardinality of a minimal hyper domi...

an improved mit bag model with hyper central interactions is used to calculate the staticproperties of hadrons containing u, d, s and c quarks. we present a theoretical approach to the internalstructure of three-body hyper central interacting quarks in a hadron, in which we take hadron as a bag.we discuss a few of the results obtained using a six-dimension harmonic oscilator (h.o) potential, ha...

One of the annual issues that has to be addressed in English football is producing a fixture schedule for the holiday periods that reduces the travel distance for the fans and players. This problem can be seen as a minimisation problem which must abide to the constraints set by the Football Association. In this study, the performance of selection hyper-heuristics is investigated as a solution m...

 In this paper, we aresupposed to introduce the definitions of n-fold commutative, andimplicative hyper K-ideals. These definitions are thegeneralizations of the definitions of commutative, andimplicative hyper K-ideals, respectively, which have been definedin [12]. Then we obtain some related results. In particular wedetermine the relationships between n-fold implicative hyperK-ideal and n-fol...