hyper-igm syndromes are characterized by profound reduction of serum igg, iga, and ige levels with normal or increased concentrations of serum igm. cd40 ligand deficiency is x-linked form of the disease, which results in a lack of immunoglobulin class switching from igm to igg in b cells. in addition to the recurrent infections, a number of patients suffer from neutropenia. there are some evide...

in this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia solutions. ...

Isolated, surviving sacs of everted small intestine were used to characterize ammonia transport in the golden hamster. Jejunal and ileal sacs incubated aerobically in ammonia-free test solution liberated the same quantity of ammonia as did sacs that were filled and immediately emptied of their contents, indicating no significant evolution of metabolic ammonia. Under aerobic conditions, ileal sa...

Many fishes are ammonotelic but some species can detoxify ammonia to glutamine or urea. Certain fish species can accumulate high levels of ammonia in the brain or defense against ammonia toxicity by enhancing the effectiveness of ammonia excretion through active NH4+transport, manipulation of ambient pH, or reduction in ammonia permeability through the branchial and cutaneous epithelia. Recent ...

In this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. Two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated ammonia solutio...

Hyperbolicity measures, in terms of (distance) metrics, how close a given graph is to being a tree. Due to its relevance in modeling real-world networks, hyperbolicity has seen intensive research over the last years. Unfortunately, the best known algorithms for computing the hyperbolicity number of a graph (the smaller, the more tree-like) have running time O(n), where n is the number of graph ...

Most investigators who have studied ammonia metabolism in liver disease have measured the concentration of ammoniat in whole blood.1'° Only a few authors have used the plasma ammonia concentration.ll" Recently, several cation exchange techniques have been developed that measure the ammonia concentration of plasma.1" There are several theoretical advantages to the use of plasma which compensate ...

BACKGROUND Measurement of pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is robust and simple. Acidic source fluid (airway lining fluid) traps bases while volatilising acids, leading to EBC acidification in many lung diseases. Lower airway ammonia is one determinant of airway lining fluid pH, raising the concern that addition of the base ammonia by contamination from the mouth might confound EBC pH assa...