gers. 4. Calculus present on sounding. Treatment.?Castor-oil 3'i.i at ni^lit. Enema of soap and water in the morning. 15tli March 1890.?Lateral lithotomy under chloroform after sounding once again, when calculus was present. The operation was straightforward and took about 15 minutes. Calculus oval in form ; yellow in colour ; flat surfaces Y x 1"; weight 30 grains composed of urates. After tre...

agrobacterium rhizogenes causes hairy root disease in plants. these hairy roots are ge-netically stable and grow rapidly. transformed hairy roots of hyoscyamus muticus in-duced by the bacterium can produce tropane alkaloids in trace amounts of intact plant tissues. in this research, in order to compare growth and biosynthetic stability of hairy roots with wild type ones, leaf and nodal segments...

black henbane (bh) or hyoscyamus niger, has been used as a medicine since last centuries and has been described in all traditional medicines. it applies as a herbal medicine, but may induce intoxication accidentally or intentionally. all part of bh including leaves, seeds and roots contain some alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, atropine, tropane and scopolamine. bh has pharmacological effects like...