The trend toward higher speed, higher power density liquid turbomachinery has inevitably increased the potential for fluid/structure interaction problems, and the severity of those problems. Fluid structure interaction phenomena can lead to increased wear and to structure failure. There are many factors affecting hydraulic and dynamic performance of pumping plants. These factors contribute to d...

In this paper, the author presents experimental work with a generic switch-mode hydraulic circuit that aims to validate a previously presented computational model, with primary focus on the energy loss due to fluid compressibility. While multiple previous papers have presented experimental works with switch-mode hydraulic circuits, the presented experimental system is unique due the capability ...

Sediment erosion not only reduces efficiency and life of hydropower turbines but also causes problems in operation and maintenance. Several factors are responsible for this erosion in hydro turbine components. This paper presents the sediment erosion types in hydraulic turbines and their components based upon an extensive literature review and the field observation at Cahua hydropower plant, Pe...

The apple tree is known to have an isohydric behaviour, maintaining rather constant leaf water potential in soil with low water status and/or under high evaporative demand. However, little is known on the xylem water transport from roots to leaves from the two perspectives of efficiency and safety, and on its genetic variability. We analysed 16 traits related to hydraulic efficiency and safety,...

About 20% of the electricity produced in the world is consumed in rotary equipment for conveying fluids such as water, gas, air, and other liquids, while the loss of energy consumption in this sector is more than 60%. The aim of this study is to evaluate different efficiencies in the pumping stations in the pressurized irrigation systems to address low energy efficiency issues in the pump stati...

introduction wetlands are classified into four kinds of flows as subsurface, surface, vertical, and hybrid flows. usually, wetlands are planted with common reed (phragmites australis), a rhizomatose plant of the graminae which produces a good yield in green biomass and whose roots can reach a considerable depth and plays a significant role in the wetland self-purification. the treatment efficie...

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The paper aims to develop a novel pitch control system for a large wind turbine driven by a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system. To perform practical pitch control experiments, a full-scale test rig of the hydraulic pitch control system for a 2 MW wind turbine’s blade, including a novel pitch control mechanism, a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system, a disturb...

The paper presents the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study undertaken to upgrading the hydraulic efficiency of the contact tank of the wastewater treatment plant of Nola-Marigliano, near Napoli. First numerical simulations were performed to compare the hydraulic performances of two existing operating schemes (A and B). The results pointed out the presence of recirculation area...

More than 40 000 km year of water flows through the intricate hydraulic pathways inside leaves. This water not only sustains terrestrial productivity, but also constitutes nearly70%of terrestrial evapotranspiration, thereby influencing both global and local climate (Chapin et al. 2002). Thus, the central role played by leaf vascular systems in terrestrial biology provides an important context f...