Understanding the kinetics of gas hydrate formation is essential to model and predict the hydrate formation (or dissociation) process. In the present paper, we investigated the formation of pure propane gas hydrate as a former gas. In this regard, several experiments were conducted to measure the rate of hydrate formation under various pressures (410 to 510 kPa) and temperatures (274 K to 277 K...

Small-scale morphology of gas hydrate is important for understanding the formation of gas hydrate deposits, for estimating the concentrations of gas hydrate from geophysical data, and for predicting their response to climate change or commercial production. The recent use of borehole pressure coring tools has allowed marine gas-hydrate-bearing sediments to be recovered with centimeter to sub-mi...

Replacement of methane with carbon dioxide in hydrate has been proposed as a strategy for geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and/or production of methane (CH(4)) from natural hydrate deposits. This replacement strategy requires a better understanding of the thermodynamic characteristics of binary mixtures of CH(4) and CO(2) hydrate (CH(4)-CO(2) mixed hydrates), as well as thermoph...

In the organic/inorganic salt hydrate, 6C7H9ClN(+)·P6O18 (6-)·2H2O, the cyclo-hexa-phosphate anion resides on an inversion centre. The asymmetric unit consists of three cations, one half-anion and a water mol-ecule. In the crystal, the water mol-ecules and the [P6O18](6-) anions are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating infinite layers parallel to the ab plane. These layers are inter-conne...

The title compound, 3C(14)H(12)N(2)O(2)·C(3)H(7)NO, was synthesized by reaction of benzoyl chloride with hydrazine hydrate under microwave irradition. The asymmetric unit comprises three 1,2-dibenzoyl-hydrazine mol-ecules and one dimethyl-formamide mol-ecule. The 1,2-dibenzoyl-hydrazine mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains propagating along [010].

We present an experimental study on the formation and dissociation characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas hydrates using Raman spectroscopy. The CO2 hydrates were formed from sodium chloride/water solutions with salinities of 0-10 wt %, which were pressurized with liquid CO2 in a stirred vessel at 6 MPa and a subcooling of 9.5 K. The formation of the CO2 hydrate resulted in a hydrate gel w...

Growth rate of a hydrate layer at the guest/liquid-water interface is analyzed considering the conjugate process of the mass-transfer and hydrate crystal growth. Hydrate-layer growth rate data in the literature are often compiled according to the system subcooling (∆T ≡ Teq − Tex, where Teq is the equilibrium dissociation temperature of the hydrate and Tex is the system temperature), suggesting...