BACKGROUND Successful blastocyst implantation requires the differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESC), a process known as decidualization. Activin A, a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily member, enhances HESC decidualization and localizes to decidual cells in human endometrium. Other TGFbeta superfamily members, including BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, GDF5, GDF8, GDF11, TG...

BACKGROUND S100P, a protein originally detected in the human placenta, has been found to play an important role in the development and invasion of tumors. Interestingly, we have recently discovered using data mining that S100P was considerably up-regulated during the window of implantation in the human endometrium, but little further information has been available. METHODS Real-time PCR and i...

The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue empowered with the capacity to undergo cyclic dramatic changes in response to ovarian steroid hormones, ultimately aiming to create a window of receptivity for blastocyst implantation. Intensive research has been performed to understand and establish morphological and molecular correlates of embryo implantation. However, it still remains a biological m...

BACKGROUND: Successful blastocyst implantation requires the differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESC), a process known as decidualization. Activin A, a transforming growth factor b (TGFb) superfamily member, enhances HESC decidualization and localizes to decidual cells in human endometrium. Other TGFb superfamily members, including BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, GDF5, GDF8, GDF11, TGFbs and ...

Lipoxin A(4) is a lipid mediator that elicits anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution actions via its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and potential role of lipoxin A(4) and FPR2/ALX in the regulation of inflammation associated with cyclical remodeling of the human endometrium across the menstrual cycle and during early pregnancy...

BACKGROUND In mouse endometrium, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) is a key enzyme controlling nuclear localization of cyclin D1. We developed a functional model of xenografted human endometrium to test whether similar mechanisms are operative in the human by using Lithium chloride (LiCl), an inhibitor of GSK3beta. METHODS Human endometrial samples were obtained from normal volunteers...

Previous studies indicated that calcitonin (CT), a peptide hormone involved in calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis, is transiently induced by steroid hormone progesterone (P) in the uterine epithelia of the rat and human within the window of implantation. Targeted disruption of uterine CT expression markedly impaired implantation in the rat. To gain insight into the molecular events underlying CT acti...

Human endometrium, in response to steroid hormones, undergoes characteristic cycles of proliferation, secretory changes, and tissue shedding. Human endometrium expresses a molecular repertoire which includes the heat shock proteins (Hsps) Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, and alpha crystallin B chain. The expression of Hsp27, Hsp60, and the constitutive form of Hsp70 (Hsc70) shows a sharp increase in...

Embryonic implantation, the process by which the human embryo orientates towards, attaches to and finally invades the underlying maternal endometrial tissue, requires a receptive endometrium, a functionally normal blastocyst and an adequate cross-communication between them. During apposition, human blastocysts find a location in which to implant, while they are guided to a specific area in the ...

The endometrium is an important part of the uterus. human a complex and dynamic tissue that goes through phases growth regression during any menstrual cycle. A thin might be relevant to lower rate implantation as well higher miscarriage. Several treatments have been developed for endometrium, such granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell therapy, acupuncture physical among others. These...