Specimens of liver for pathological examination may be obtained during life either by open operation or by one of the various methods of percutaneous needle biopsy. Needle biopsy has an interesting history. First employed by Paul Ehrlich in 1883 (quoted by Frerichs in 1884) in a study of the glycogen content of the diabetic liver, and in 1895 by Lucatello in Italy, it passed into general use in...

As the device dimensions in metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) technologies have been continuously scaled down, a phenomenon called negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), which refers to the generation of positive oxide charge and interface traps in MOS structures under negative gate bias at elevated temperature, has been gaining in importance as one of the most critical mechanisms of MOS field e...

gene in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenhorabditis elegans extends lifespan in most [1-6], but not all [7], studies. Reducing Indy affects PGC-1α [4] [5] and AMPK signaling [6], leading to reduced whole body fat content and insulin-like proteins [2, 3, 6], as well as an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis [4]. Indy and its mammalian homolog mIndy (SLC13A5, NaCT) are transporters of TCA cycle i...

The Revolutionary period did (after some hesitation by those who dreamed of a society without hospitals) bring about the conversion of the main houses of Christian care for the sick poor in the large urban centres (Hotels-Dieu, Charite's, and Hopitaux Ge'neraux) to medical institutions concerned with the study and treatment of disease. The process of medicalization of Paris hospitals has been w...

The Revolutionary period did (after some hesitation by those who dreamed of a society without hospitals) bring about the conversion of the main houses of Christian care for the sick poor in the large urban centres (Hotels-Dieu, Charite's, and Hopitaux Ge'neraux) to medical institutions concerned with the study and treatment of disease. The process of medicalization of Paris hospitals has been w...

HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL MEDICINE A new course on the History of Public Health and Social Medicine is now being offered at the School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, in the spring semester of 1966. The purpose of this course is to trace the genesis and the development of scientific fact and ideas, taking into account intellectual exchanges and influences of a...

J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. McKenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, V. B. Golubev, E. A. Kravchenko, A. P. Onuchin, S. I. Serednyakov, Yu. I. Skovpen, E. P. Solodov, K. Yu. Todyshev, A. J. Lankford, J. W. Gary, O. Long, A. M. Eisner, W. S. ...

Efficient regeneration of injured or dystrophic skeletal muscle relies upon the coordinated action of invading inflammatory cells that induce muscle fibre necrosis and phagocytosis (Lescaudron et al., 1999; Tidball and Wehling-Henricks, 2007), and an endogenous pool of quiescent myogenic stem cells known as satellite cells that form new muscle fibres (Zammit et al., 2006). The failure of effici...