OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of the Tanzania National Voucher Scheme on the coverage and equitable distribution of insecticide treated nets, used to prevent malaria, to pregnant women and their infants. DESIGN Plausibility study using three nationally representative cross sectional household and health facility surveys, timed to take place early, mid-way, and at the end of the roll out o...

Nowadays, grid-connected renewable energy resources have widespread applications in the electricity market. However, providing household consumers with photovoltaic (PV) systems requires bilateral interfaces to exchange and data. In addition, residential consumers' contribution guaranteed privacy secured data exchange. Day-ahead dynamic pricing is one of incentive-based demand response methods ...

Death statutes in the United States list elements of loss for which a defendent must make compensatory payment. The element that economists as expert witnesses are called upon to calculate is net income, roughly deÞned as the decedent’s income minus personal expenses. The existence of joint or shared consumption goods complicates the deÞnition and calculation of net income. Net income can be in...

Households’ insurance against shocks to income and asset values (that is, household risk management) is limited, especially for poor households. We argue that a trade-off between intertemporal financing needs and insurance across states explains this basic insurance pattern. In a model with limited enforcement, we show that household risk management is increasing in household net worth and inco...

BACKGROUND Recognising that household interviews may produce biased estimates of health services utilisation, we examined for under- and over-reporting of hospitalisation episodes in three recent, consecutive population-based household surveys in Hong Kong. METHODS Territory-wide inpatient service utilisation volumes as estimated from the 1999, 2001 and 2002 Thematic Household Surveys (THS) w...

We document the presence of sizable distributional e¤ects from unexpected price level movements in the Euro Area (EA) using sectoral accounts and newly available data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. The EA as a whole is a net winner of unexpected price level increases, with Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain being the biggest bene…ciaries, and Belgium and Malta being the large...

If the marginal gains from investment in physical capital depend positively on knowledge, but a household cannot hire skilled labor to compensate for low skills, then even if it has access to credit, the household will achieve lower returns than an educated household. If, as is common, the income-poor are less well educated because of credit market failure and living in areas with worse access ...

Deleveraging is the process by which households decide that their level of debt is inconsistent with their revised economic outlook and adjust their leverage accordingly, primarily by substituting debt repayment for consumption. Household deleveraging is a commonly cited reason for the sluggish consumption growth experienced during the current economic recovery from the Great Recession. This po...

BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are an integral part of vector control recommendations for malaria elimination in China. This study investigated the extent to which bed nets were used and which factors influence bed net use among Jinuo Ethnic Minority in China-Myanmar-Laos border areas. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study combined a quantitative household questionnaire survey and quali...