The parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) adjusts its progeny allocation and host examining behaviour to the exposed volume of its host — an insect egg. The female wasp examines a potential host by walking over its surface while drumming its antennae against it, spending a longer time examining larger hosts. If wasps of different sizes are pre...

Ultrashort pulse laser interaction with silica-silicon interfaces is presented as a means for all-solid-phase formation of high-purity silicon nanoparticles in the absence of ablation plumes or any substrate intermixing with surfaces in ambient air. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy provide definitive evidence for creation of nanocrystals in the silica host, while compress...

Abstract Transmission between hosts is crucial to the growth, development and reproduction of many parasites. As a consequence, parasites are under selection maximise transmission success exhibit behavioural morphological adaptations that allow detection of, movement between, hosts. However, not determined by alone, but also shaped host behaviours. Often, behaviours function minimise risk expos...

Dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium in symbiosis with marine animals release much of their photosynthetic carbon to the animal host. The compounds translocated to the host ('mobile compounds') were investigated by metabolite comparison as follows: a substrate was identified as a candidate mobile compound when comparable profiles of metabolites were generated from host metabolism of t...

The high quality of leguminous hosts for the parasitic plant Rhinanthus minor (in terms of growth and fecundity), compared with forbs (non-leguminous dicots) has long been assumed to be a function of the legume's ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N) from the air and the potential for direct transfer of compatible amino compounds to the parasite. Using associations between Rhinanthus minor an...

| A high-density silicon-substrate multi-chip module construction is shown which provides new features for testing the assembled mixed-signal bare dies and integrated passive devices. Among these features are enhanced possibilities for testing bare dies not equipped with boundary-scan cells. Additionally, relatively simple means for electron-beam diagnosis become possible. The approach uses a c...

Abstract Several studies of hurricane damage on epiphyte communities implied that epiphytes might be in danger being blown off their host when subjected to strong wind. There is very limited knowledge about the mechanical impact wind may have epiphytes. Using a wind-triggered camera set-up, we observed how epiphytic tank bromeliads are affected by Despite offering relatively large area ‘attack’...

methods for measuring toxicity or respiratory activity of microbial cultures can be used as tools for assessing the presence of chemicals and their impact on the streams. the proposed toxicity test is based on the respirometric characteristics of the bacteria according to the principals of biolog’s microplate system. as the microorganism are utilizing the carbon source (peptone), the reductio...