Trissolcus egg parasitoids, when perceiving the chemical footprints left on a substrate by pentatomid host bugs, adopt a motivated searching behaviour characterized by longer searching time on patches were signals are present. Once in contact with host chemical footprints, Trissolcus wasps search longer on traces left by associated hosts rather than non-associated species, and, in the former ca...

Besides their well known functions in storage and translation of information nucleic acids have emerged as a target of pattern recognition receptors that drive activation of innate immunity. Due to the paucity of building block monomers used in nucleic acids, discrimination of host and microbial nucleic acids as a means of self/foreign discrimination is a complicated task. Pattern recognition r...

the relationship between female oviposition preference and offspring performance is a key area of study on the evolution of host specificity. this study investigates host prefer-ence of the polyphagous hover fly syrphus ribesii (diptera: syrphidae) and compares it with some components of its offspring`s performance. females and offspring were tested on six naturally used aphid hosts (blackberry...

Abstract Introduction LGBTQI + refugees and asylum seekers experience enormous distress during their lifespan. Ill-effects of socio-cultural stigma, systemic violence, forced migration due to sexual orientation, gender identity or expressions, sex characteristics ( SOGIESC ) are not only challenge. The cumbersome process in host countries negatively affects mental health well-being. objective t...

Bacterial genes that confer crucial phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance, can spread horizontally by residing on mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Although many mobile genes provide strong benefits to their hosts, the fitness consequences of the process of transfer itself are less clear. In previous studies, transfer has been interpreted as a parasitic trait of the MGEs because of its costs ...

I. The Commensal School: Commensal and Pathogenic Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 II. Commensal Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A. Nutrient Acquisition and Metabolic Flexibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 B. Micronutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 III. Stress Response. . . . . . . . . . . . ...