Back ground: Candida albicans is a member of the normal human microflora. C. albicans cell wall is composed of several protein and carbohydrate components which have been shown to play a crucial role in C. albicans interaction with the host immune system. Major components of C. albican cell wall are carbohydrates such as mannans, β glucans and chitins, and proteins that partially modulate the h...

Plants provide an advantageous expression platform for biopharmaceutical proteins because of their low pathogen burden and potential for inexpensive, large-scale production. However, the purification of target proteins can be challenging due to issues with extraction, the removal of host cell proteins (HCPs), and low expression levels. The heat treatment of crude extracts can reduce the quantit...

Immunomodulation of natural polysaccharides has been the hot topic of research in recent years. In order to explore the immunomodulatory effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., the water extract was studied and a polysaccharide HCP-2 with molecular weight of 60,000 Da was isolated by chromatography using DEAE Sepharose CL-6B and Sephacryl S-500 [corrected] HR columns. The structure characterizatio...

agrobacterium tumefaciens is capable of gene transfer to both plant and non-plant organisms. indeed, upon infection of eukaryotic cells, agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers a piece of its tumor inducing (ti)-plasmid, called t-dna, to the host cell nucleus, which subsequently integrates into the host genome. the vird2 virulence protein which has relaxase endonuclease activities covalently binds ...

During chromosome segregation, kinetochores form dynamic connections with spindle microtubules. In vertebrates, these attachments require the activities of a number of outer kinetochore proteins, including CENP-F [1, 2] and the widely conserved microtubule-associated protein CLASP [3]. Here, we investigate the functional relationship between HCP-1/2, two redundant CENP-F-like proteins, and CLAS...

The intracellular protozoan parasite, Theileria annulata, induces uncontrolled proliferation and transformation in bovine B lymphocytes and monocytes in blood circulation andlymph nodes of host cells. This uncontrolled replication happens in the macroschizont stage of the life cycle of the parasites. The development of a rapid and efficient technique is likely to necessita...

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) with diversified functions is widely distributed in pathogenic Proteobacteria. The IcmF (intracellular multiplication protein F) family protein TssM is a conserved T6SS inner membrane protein. Despite the conservation of its Walker A nucleotide-binding motif, the NTPase activity of TssM and its role in T6SS remain obscure. In this study, we characterized TssM...

Secretion systems require high-fidelity mechanisms to discriminate substrates among the vast cytoplasmic pool of proteins. Factors mediating substrate recognition by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Gram-negative bacteria, a widespread pathway that translocates effector proteins into target bacterial cells, have not been defined. We report that haemolysin coregulated protein (Hcp), a ring...

BACKGROUND The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has emerged as a protein secretion system important to several gram-negative bacterial species. One of the common components of the system is Hcp, initially described as a hemolysin co-regulated protein in a serotype O17 strain of Vibrio cholerae. Homologs to V. cholerae hcp genes have been found in all characterized type VI secretion systems and t...