It is shown that a stutter-invariant property is expressible in Temporal Logic of Actions if and only if it is expressible in Second-order Temporal Logic. In particular, validity questions can be translated from one logic to the other. The proof is based on equivalence transformations between the formulas of Temporal Logic of Actions and Second-order Temporal Logic. The translation from Second-...

We define a variant of Lamport’s Temporal Logic of Actions, extended by spatial modalities, that is intended for the specification of mobile systems with distributed state. We discuss notions of refinement appropriate for mobile systems, specifically concerning the topological structure of the system, and show how these can be represented in the logic via quantification and implication, ensurin...

Digoxin has been the cornerstone of the treatment of heart failure for more than 2 centuries. Now that newer therapies have been introduced that reduce the mortality rate in heart failure and recent trials have failed to prove the same for digoxin, its use has significantly decreased. But a careful review of the multiple pharmacologic actions of digoxin and closer analysis of the results of rec...

Composition of high-speed protocols from basic protocol mechanisms can help to realize the exible application-speci c selection of protocols. For the purpose of formal speci cation, functional modelling, analysis, and veri cation of composed protocols we apply L. Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA). We propose a modular and compositional style of speci cation, which supports the analysis ...

A method is described for proving “always possibly” properties of specifications in formalisms with linear-time trace semantics. It is shown to be relatively complete for TLA (Temporal Logic of Actions) specifications.

Bear bile has been a well-known Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Because of the endangered species protection, the concept on substitutes for bear bile was proposed decades ago. Based on their chemical composition and pharmacologic actions, artificial bear bile, bile from other animals, synthetic compounds, and medicinal plants may be the promising candidates to replace bear bile for th...

An extensive clinical study of Yusho and many animal experiments were carried out by the Yusho study group in Kyushu University in order to clarify the mechanism of toxic actions of Kanechlor. Most of the findings have been published in Japanese with brief English abstracts. I hope this abstract will help in the understanding of the important observations obtained by these studies. Table 1. Lab...