Despite the discovery over 60 years ago by Huggins and Hodges that prostate cancers respond to androgen deprivation therapy, hormone-refractory prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge. There is now mounting evidence that solid tumours originate from undifferentiated stem cell-like cells coexisting within a heterogeneous tumour mass that drive tumour formation, maintain tumour homeost...

PURPOSE The short-term safety and efficacy of zoledronic acid for the treatment of skeletal metastasis was evaluated in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 19 hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with bone metastases were enrolled. All patients received up to six infusions of zoledronic acid (4 mg, given intravenously over 15 minutes, every...

Prostate cancer, the most common male cancer, affects one in eight American men. Risk factors for the disease include increased age, race, and family history of prostate cancer. To date, surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy have been the mainstays of treatment. In the past, chemotherapy served only a palliative role for men with prostate cancer and failed to produce a survival advantage or ...

PTEN mutations are among the most frequent genetic alterations found in human prostate cancers. Our previous works suggest that although precancerous lesions were found in Pten heterozygous mice, cancer progression and metastasis only happened when both alleles of Pten were deleted. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PTEN in prostate cancer control, we generated two p...

results like other cancers, prostate cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic alterations in a cell that drives it to malignant growth. specific genes and gene alterations have been suggested to play a role in its development and progression. aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity, gene mutations, hypermethylation and inactivation of specific tumour suppressor genes such as gstpi, apc, mdr1, ...

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality. Localized prostate cancer is treated by either radical pros‐ tatectomy or radiotherapy. Low levels of testosterone have been associated with prostate cancer progression. These tumor presented advanced tumor stage, high Gleason scores, and had significantly worse overall surviva...

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in men. Almost all men who die from prostate cancer have hormone-refractory prostate cancer with metastasis to bone. Emerging supportive treatments-including chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, and surgery-require integration that is optimized in a multidisciplinary setting. A multidisciplinary clinic for bone metastases has been in place at Tor...

Among the many identified androgen-regulated genes, sGCα1 (soluble guanylyl cyclase α1) appears to play a pivotal role in mediating the pro-cancer effects of androgens and androgen receptor. The classical role for sGCα1 is to heterodimerize with the sGCβ1 subunit, forming sGC, the enzyme that mediates nitric oxide signaling by catalyzing the synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Our publ...

Metastatic prostate cancer, which shows progression despite castration testosterone levels, was previously defined as hormone-refractory. This definition has recently been changed to the one presently used - castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Numerous fundamental studies have provided evidence that the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer is constantly dependent on the concentrati...

There are few options for treating hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PC). Various studies indicate that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists may have a direct inhibitory effect on prostate tumors mediated by specific LHRH receptors. One study evaluated LHRH receptors in hormone-dependent PC tissue, but no data have thus far been obtained on the presence of LHRH receptors in b...