The purpose of this study was to assess interobserver and intraobserver variability in the assessment of clinical and radiographic measurement of lower limb length discrepancy. Clinical measurements included direct measurement with a tape measure from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to lateral malleolus and ASIS to medial malleolus as well as block measurement. Slit scanogram radiographic ...

There is no controversy regarding the current clinical method of examination of waveform of jugular vein pulse. However there are limitations of clinical assessment of central venous pressure by jugular vein pressure measurement from the level of sternal angle. There are variations in the reported distances from sternal angle to right atrium as well as to upper limit of JVP. In erect position, ...

Although Japan has been a signatory to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control since 2004, progress in translating the recommendations into national policy has been limited. Globally, outdoor smoking bans cover outdoor dining areas, beaches, public parks, schools, etc. In Japan, most of existing outdoor smoking bans allow designated smoking areas (DSAs) in the no-smoking zones, thus limitin...

In the present study, we investigate a control mechanism that dampens hand vibrations. Here, we propose a control method with two components to suppress hand vibrations. The first is a passive suppression method that lowers the joint stiffness to passively dampen the hand vibrations. The second is an active suppression method that adjusts an equilibrium point based on skyhook control to activel...

Amylase is one of the earliest characterized enzymes and has many applications in clinical and industrial settings. In biotechnological industries, the amylase activity is enhanced through modifying amylase structure and through cloning and expressing targeted amylases in different species. It is important to understand how engineered amylases can survive from generation to generation. This stu...