Satellite observations show that the 2010 Antarctic ozone hole is characterized by anomalously small amounts of photochemical ozone destruction (40-60% less than the 2005-2009 average). Observations from the MLS instrument show that this is mainly related to reduced photochemical ozone destruction between 20-25 km altitude. Lower down between 15-20 km the atmospheric chemical composition and ph...

Silicon nitride was deposited from disilane and ammonia reactant gases under LPCVD conditions and at temperatures around 600 OC. The growth rate was studied experimentally on 4 and 5-inch silicon wafers by batch depositions in a horizontal hotwall LPCVD furnace. The kinetics of growth was found to follow a LangmuirHinshelwood mechanism and the appropriate kinetic constants were estimated using ...

In this paper a high-level Petri net model called M-nets (for multilabeled nets) is developed. A distinctive feature of this model is that it allows not only vertical unfolding, as do most other high-level net models, but also horizontal composition-in particular, synchronisation-in a manner similar to process algebras such as CCS. This turns the set of M-nets into a domain whose composition op...

MACC-II,III, Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate, is the current pre-operational Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). It provides data records on atmospheric composition for recent years, present conditions and forecasts (a few days ahead). To support the quality assessment of the CAMS products, the EU FP7 project Network Of ground-based Remote-Sensing Observations (NORS)...

Recent graph-theoretic developments [26, 27] in the semantic theory of combination of logics look at a signature as a multi-graph (of sorts and connectives) and obtain the induced language as the category of multipaths where formulas appear as morphisms. This idea is carried over to Hilbert-style deductive systems by looking at an inference rule as a metaedge from its premises to its conclusion...

The rapid increase in published genomic sequences for bacteria presents the first opportunity to reconstruct evolutionary events on the scale of entire genomes. However, extensive lateral gene transfer (LGT) may thwart this goal by preventing the establishment of organismal relationships based on individual gene phylogenies. The group for which cases of LGT are most frequently documented and fo...

Aerobic heterotrophs were isolated from subsurface soil samples obtained from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Field Research Center (FRC) located at Oak Ridge, Tenn. The FRC represents a unique, extreme environment consisting of highly acidic soils with co-occurring heavy metals, radionuclides, and high nitrate concentrations. Four hundred isolates obtained from contaminated soil were ass...

The calibration method used in this study allows for the examination of distributed, but potentially subtle, representations of semantic information between mechanistic encoding of the language and the EEG. In particular, a horizontal connection between two basic Fundamental Operations (Semantic Composition and Synchronization) is attempted. The experimental results gave significant differences...

We recall the contribution of Goguen and Burstall’s 1980 CAT paper and its powerful influence on theories of specification implementation that were emerging at about the same time, via the introduction of the notions of vertical and horizontal composition of implementations. We then give a different view of implementation which we believe provides a more adequate reflection of the rather subtle...

Sediment traps are used to measure fluxes and collect samples for studies in biology, chemistry and geology, yet we have much to learn about factors that influence particle collection rates. Toward this end, we deployed cylindrical sediment traps on five current meter moorings across the Vema Channel to field-test the effect of different horizontal particle fluxes on the collection rate of the ...