and Implications The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of excessive toe growth, hoof cracks in the outer hoof wall, and length difference between the inside and outside toe of the hoof on sow behavior in mid-lactation. Sows were classified into three treatment groups and one control group. The treatment groups were 1) presence of cracks in the outer hoof wall 2) length differe...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, endemic in North American dairy herds, has production-limiting effects. A literature review of available papers published since 1995 concerning BLV transmission and its control was conducted. Although confirmed routes were reviewed (blood, natural breeding, utero, colostrum, milk), there is still a lack detailed information on other specific risks for (e.g...

Abstract This study describes a corrective procedure for metatarsal angular malformation using wedge ostectomy in 41-day-old Thoroughbred filly. A 41.6 °angular of the metatarsus was corrected with left hindlimb association type II external fixator and methyl methacrylate resin. The animal subjected to surgical under general anesthesia. filly placed dorsal recumbency hind limb free manipulation...