This project involves using mathematical models to optimize the performance of a diffractive optical element. Unlike the usual optimization problem, we will seek methods for finding an optimal design in the presence of environmental variability. Sources of variability can include changes in manufacturing or operating conditions. The methods will be applied to designing a diffractive optical ele...

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Abstract. The present paper deals with the homogenization of the heat conduction which takes place in a binary three-dimensional medium consisting of an ambiental phase having conductivity of unity order and a rectangular honeycomb structure formed by a set of thin layers crossing orthogonally and periodically. We consider the case when the conductivity of the thin layers is in inverse proporti...

Nanotechnology has become an important and interesting field of physics, chemistry, biology engineering in recent years. The rapidly growing nanotechnology today is nanoparticles. characteristic nanoparticles that the particle size very small range (1-100 nm). Silver have been synthesized using saga leaf extract (Abrus pecatorius L.) as a reducing agent. formation silver was carried out by addi...