To the Editor: In his recent article, Waring1 makes a number of excellent proposals for standardized graphs of refractive surgery outcomes. This is a very important issue. Adopting graphing standards provides researchers with a framework for planning data collection and for its final presentation. It also allows readers to make easy comparisons between different reports. Dr Waring should be com...

We propose in this work a model for describing visual acuity (V) as a function of defocus and pupil diameter. Although the model is mainly based on geometrical optics, it also incorporates nongeometrical effects phenomenologically. Compared to similar visual acuity models, the proposed one considers the effect of astigmatism and the variability of best corrected V among individuals; it also tak...

PURPOSE To evaluate the reduction of pre-existing corneal astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery with limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs). METHODS A prospective study of two groups of patients (treatment and control) with pre-existing astigmatism>or=1D was performed. The 30 patients in the control group had a temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification and the 32 patients of treatment group ...

By Noel Alpins, FRANZCO, FRCOphth, FACS The ASSORT Toric Calculator offers unique features, designed for accuracy and functionality, that are not available on other calculators provided by implant companies or private groups. Its primary unique feature is the ability to calculate the most effective implant (sphere and toricity) available from all companies worldwide and compare IOLs based on th...

The goal of this study is to assess the effect pupillary dilation on predicted post-operative  refraction  (the Plano or least minus refraction) and recommended intraocular lens (IOL) power calculated by using third generation fourth formula measure difference  between pre  and   post   pupil  dilation  on ACD. This   study included 40 eyes with cataract will undergo phacoemulsification divided...