Multiplexed volume Bragg gratings can be applied to many types of broad- and narrowband spectral systems. However, there are often deleterious side effects to combining several gratings into a single holographic optical element, including loss of efficiency in diffracted waves of interest and the introduction of spurious waves. Design of these spectral systems requires analysis methods that are...

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BACKGROUND Treatment and diagnosis of osteomyelitis are still a challenging problem for surgeons, microbiologists and histopathologists. A direct microbiological detection of bacteria in tissues is still gold standard, but it is not always successful for example in chronic osteomyelitis and/or when an antibiotic treatment has already been started or in cases of low virulent bacteria. The goal o...

Corona discharge has been used widely to modify polymer and textile materials because it can be operated at an atmospheric pressure in air.This method has been confirmed to be simpler and more practical than any other chemical and physical methods because the samples can be quickly treated under atmosphere pressure and it is environmentally friendly too. In this study, we have studied wettabili...

Autophagy is a key pathway to clear cellular abnormal protein aggregates, and is essential for protein homeostasis and neuronal health. Several studies have shown autophagy deficits may occur in early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Regarding to Alzheimer’s disease, autophagy itself plays an important role in generation and metabolism of β-amyloid (Aβ), assembling of tau and thus its dysfunc...

Weed control is fundamental to farming since weeds decline yields, increment creation costs, impede reap and lower item quality. Weeds additionally hinder water system water-stream, obstruct pesticide application, harbor infection creatures. Early techniques for weed included hand cultivation with hoes powered cultivators, lethal wilting high heat. However the results of these are not significa...

This study aims to examine the messages of popular rap songs. The specific objectives are: (1) analyse songs in Billboard Hot 100 Year-End Chart from 2017 2021, and (2) level misogyny listed 2021. descriptive involved analysis 25 content showed that most frequently used type is sexual conquest found 23 songs, followed by derogatory manner physical aggression but rape assault were less used. Mos...

Hak E, Verheij TJM, Grobbee DE, Nichol KL, Hoes AW. Confounding by indication in non-experimental evaluation of vaccine effectiveness: the example of prevention of influenza complications. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56:951–55. 7 Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI. Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1887–92. 8 McMa...

R. C. Fairchild* J. R. Fienup Environmental Research Institute of Michigan Radar and Optics Division P.O. Box 8618 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107 Abstract. Holographic optical elements (HOEs) recorded with arbitrary aspheric wavefronts can now be analyzed with a holographic raytracing design program. The recording wavefronts are defined by analytical phase functions, for example, a two -dimensional ...