A convenient and cost-efficient method featuring the integration of enzymatic and acid catalysis has been developed for the selective conversion of glucose into HMF, which provides a new strategy for HMF production from glucose.

Citrus fruits contain various types of flavonoids with powerful anti-aging and photoprotective effects on the skin, and have thus been attracting attention as potential, efficacious skincare agents. Here, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Citrus unshiu and its protective effects on photoaging. We isolated and identified a bioactive compound, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone...

BACKGROUND Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are the two major furan aldehyde inhibitors generated from lignocellulose dilute acid pretreatment which significantly inhibit subsequent microbial cell growth and ethanol fermentation. Zymomonas mobilis is an important strain for cellulosic ethanol fermentation but can be severely inhibited by furfural and (or) HMF. Previous study showed th...

BACKGROUND The discovery of histone-like proteins in Archaea urged studies into the possible organization of archaeal genomes in chromatin. Despite recent advances, a variety of structural questions remain unanswered. RESULTS We have used the atomic force microscope (AFM) with traditional nuclease digestion assays to compare the structure of nucleoprotein complexes reconstituted from tandemly...

BACKGROUND Human milk is nutritionally better than formula milk for preterm infants. However, unfortified human milk may fail to meet the theoretical requirements of very low birth weight (VLBW). Human milk fortifier (HMF) increases the nutritional content of human milk. However, the important factor of concern in feeding VLBW is the osmolality, the higher the osmolality, the greater the risk o...

Direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids has been investigated in search of an efficient and environmentally friendly process. Monosaccharides D-fructose and D-glucose, disaccharides sucrose and maltose, and even the polysaccharide cellulose were successfully converted into HMF with good yields under mild conditio...

Furan derivatives obtained from renewable biomass resources have the potential to serve as substitutes for the petroleum-based building blocks that are currently used in the production of plastics and fine chemicals. We developed a process for the selective dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) that operates at high fructose concentrations (10 to 50 weight %), achieves high y...

The chemical composition of honeys produced in Eastern and South-Eastern Anatolia (Turkey) was studied. For this aim, the composition of 45 honey samples collected from the mentioned regions and the effect of one year storage (20 ± 5oC) on the diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content were determined. Compositional data measured in the fresh honeys were HMF, diastase number, moi...

Efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important platform molecular for fuels and chemicals, is a promising topic in green chemistry. In this work, several new DBU-based (DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) ionic liquids (ILs) with benzene sulfonate (BS) anion were synthesized and used as the solvents for the dehydration of glucose to HMF. It was found that a...

Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are representative inhibitors among many inhibitive compounds derived from biomass degradation and saccharification for bioethanol fermentation. Most yeasts, including industrial strains, are susceptible to these inhibitory compounds, especially when multiple inhibitors are present. Additional detoxification steps add cost and complexity to the process a...