Are the inventor networks of Silicon Valley more densely connected than those of the Boston Route 128 corridor? The evidence remains mostly historical and controversial to date. We develop an analysis of all the patented inventors in both regions since 1975 and find that the networks of Silicon Valley are simultaneously more connected and less robust than those of Boston. Of greatest interest, ...

For the last 40 years, a geographic and mental space in the San Francisco Bay Area now known as Silicon Valley has been the birthplace of many of the largest and fastest growing electronics firms in the world and a number of new industrial sectors.' The technologies these firms commercialized have had a significant impact on many aspects of social and economic life. To facilitate the commercial...

abstract a mountain glacier, when it occupies a river valley, immediately begins to change the cross-section and profile of that valley. river valleys in mountain areas tends to have v-shaped profiles. glaciers work to widen as well as deepen their valleys and the typical cross-section of a glacial valley is u-shaped. the u-shaped glacial valley is one of the most characteristic of glacial land...

An entomological study was carried out during 1990 in the town of Edea in the south of Cameroon to study anthropophilic mosquitoes with special reference to malaria transmission. Man-biting mosquitoes were caught regularly during one night each month in two different districts: Bilalang which is a well planned suburb with 160 houses on a hill-top, provided with a piped water supply; and Pongo w...

It can be observed from the experimental data of different processes that different process parameter combinations can lead to the same performance indicators, but during the optimization of process parameters, using current techniques, only one of these combinations can be found when a given objective function is specified. The combination of process parameters obtained after optimization may ...

Although the brown howler monkey (Alouatta clamitans) is a relatively well-studied Neotropical primate, its behavioral and dietary flexibility at the intra-population level remains poorly documented. This study presents data collected on the behavior and ecology of two closely located groups of brown howlers during the same period at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala in southeastern Brazil. One ...

Meso-scale surface roughening evolution in 6022-T4 Al sheets was investigated using plane-strain tension. Formation of grain-scale hills and valleys and their relation to the morphologies and corresponding orientations of surface grains after deformation were examined experimentally. These observations were analyzed using various approaches based on the Schmid and Taylor crystal plasticity mode...

Hilly terrain can significantly change the flow characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer. However, effects hilly with different steepness on turbine wakes remain understudied. To this end, a wind is placed hilltop steepness, and spread wake investigated via large-eddy simulation. Results show that, above gentle hills, deflects upward crest downward valley, while for steep in way. Through a...

Exploring why stochastic gradient descent (SGD) based optimization methods train deep neural networks (DNNs) that generalize well has become an active area of research. Towards this end, we empirically study the dynamics of SGD when training over-parametrized DNNs. Specifically we study the DNN loss surface along the trajectory of SGD by interpolating the loss surface between parameters from co...

The Younger Dryas--the last major cold episode on Earth--is generally considered to have been triggered by a meltwater flood into the North Atlantic. The prevailing hypothesis, proposed by Broecker et al. [1989 Nature 341:318-321] more than two decades ago, suggests that an abrupt rerouting of Lake Agassiz overflow through the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Valley inhibited deep water formation i...