tion of salt in the soil, salt leaching from the root zone should be conducted. In regions where the rainfall is Development of an impermeable layer at some depth beneath the low, a leaching fraction (the fraction of applied water soil surface and the presence of a high groundwater level are common that appears as drainage water) is added to the irrigation phenomena in the Yizre’el Valley, Isra...

The rheological regulation of the “three high” (high temperature, high density and high salinity) water-based drilling fluid is a worldwide problem due to the combined influence of temperature, solid content and salinity. This paper investigates the factors and regulation methods about rheological property of “three high” water based drilling fluid, and the effects of clay, salinity and weighti...

In this paper we propose a structure to compensate the propagation loss of surface plasmons by using multiple quantum wells as a gain medium. We analyze the required gain for lossless surface plasmon propagation for different thicknesses and widths of the metallic guiding layer. We study the effects of the gain layers and a finite height superstrate on the surface plasmon mode and its propagati...

The long-term goal of the project is to investigate the distributions of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the New York/New Jersey Harbor and New York Bight system so as to facilitate a deeper understanding of the source and processes that control CDOM distributions in estuarine and coastal waters. CDOM source strengths and photochemical degradation processes were incorporated int...

Photopic contrast sensitivity of air-breathing scuba divers was measured with a translucent test pattern at depths up to 40 m. The pattern was composed of sine wave gratings with spatial frequency and contrast changing logarithmically. The spatial transfer characteristics were measured at various depths under controlled optical conditions in seawater and in fresh water. Analysis indicates that ...

At least ten species of beaked whales inhabit the North Pacific, but little is known about their abundance, ecology, and behavior, as they are elusive and difficult to distinguish visually at sea. Six of these species produce known species-specific frequency modulated (FM) echolocation pulses: Baird's, Blainville's, Cuvier's, Deraniyagala's, Longman's, and Stejneger's beaked whales. Additionall...