Wind tunnel testing is commonly used to assess and optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains. The train model usually mounted above a static ground plane, but moving necessary for correct representation relative motion between ground. This study focuses on effect applied simulation aerodynamics train. tests using stationary were carried out 1:20 scale train’s first car. Nume...

Free-space optic (FSO) is a promising solution to provide broadband Internet access for high-speed trains (HSTs). Besides, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are considered as hardware technology improve the performance of optical wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose RIS-assisted FSO system connectivity HTSs, an upgrade existing direct and relay-assisted setups. Our ...