In the last few years, the increasing use of LEDs in illumination systems has been conducted due to the emergence of Visible Light Communication (VLC) technologies, in which data communication is performed by transmitting through the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. In 2011, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) published the IEEE 802.15.7 standard for Wirele...

Sum product networks (SPNs) are a new class of deep probabilistic models. They can contain multiple hidden layers while keeping their inference and training times tractable. An SPN consists of interleaving layers of sum nodes and product nodes. A sum node can be interpreted as a hidden variable, and a product node can be viewed as a feature capturing rich interactions among an SPN’s inputs. We ...

This paper propose an access method for wireless sensor networks. It reduces collisions due to hidden nodes, a source of significant energy dissipation. Our access method operates similarly to SMAC by alternating sleeping and active periods, but it does not use RTS/CTS. We analyze the hidden node problem to derive expressions for the number of hidden nodes and the probability of collisions. We ...

Determining the sequence of Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption events for a camera system through timing information is difficult due to finite resolution radiation detectors. The conventional method compares energies two sequential determines order these events. deep learning can estimate followed by effect better than because it based on both energy positional interaction. initia...

Much effort has been devoted to assess the importance of nodes in complex networks. Examples of commonly used measures of node importance include node degree, node centrality and node vulnerability score (the effect of the node deletion on the network efficiency). Here we present a new approach to compute and investigate the mutual dependencies between network nodes from the matrices of node–no...

In a multi-layered neural network, anyone of the hidden layers can be viewed as computing a distributed representation of the input. Several "encoder" experiments have shown that when the representation space is small it can be fully used. But computing with such a representation requires completely dependable nodes. In the case where the hidden nodes are noisy and unreliable, we find that erro...

This paper presents an analytical model based upon discrete time Markov chain analysis of receiver-initiated protocols for multi hop Ad hoc networks. Three-way receiver initiated (RTR-DATA-ACK) scheme for collision avoidance in Ad hoc networks has many protocols with it. In the proposed model, the nodes are randomly distributed according to a twodimension Poisson distribution with density λ. Fo...

In this paper, for the first time, an analytic model is built to derive broadcast packet reception ratios (PRRs) in IEEE 802.11 based general two-dimensional (2-D) mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). First, the reception probability that a node within transmission range of a sending node receives the broadcast message successfully is computed. Then, the PRRs are derived through integration of the ...

The arrival of the big data era with characteristics such as large volumes makes calculation execution time a concern when carrying out analytics processes, forecasting food commodity prices. This study aims to examine effect framework through use sparkR. test is carried by varying several deep learning models, namely multi-layer perceptron model and using price one from 2018 2020. results show...