BACKGROUND Children with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PHIV) may not be protected against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) because of impaired initial vaccine response or waning immunity. Our objectives were to estimate seroimmunity in PHIV-infected and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children and identify predictors of immunity in the PHIV cohort. METH...

Background Increasing numbers of HIV-infected pregnant women receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Studies suggested that HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children face higher mortality than HIV-unexposed children, but evidence mostly relates to the pre-ART era, breastfeeding of limited duration and considerable maternal mortality. Maternal ART and pr...

BACKGROUND Reports of increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases among HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU) infants have raised concern about a possible underlying immunodeficiency among them. The objective of this study was to assess the immunological profile of HEU infants born to mothers exhibiting different levels of HIV-1 viremia at the time of delivery. METHODS Study subjects we...

BACKGROUND HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are a growing population in sub-Saharan Africa especially with the increasing coverage of more effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) antiretroviral therapy regimens. This study describes the characteristics of South African HEU infants, investigates factors impacting birth weight and assesses their growth within the first 28...

The recovery and immobilization of metals from wastewater often occurs in an acidic environment that destroys the structure adsorbents such as zeolites, which are porous crystalline aluminosilicates. influence hydrochloric acid solutions on properties two natural mixtures heulandite (HEU) chabazite (CHA)—tuff Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit (HEU/CHA ≈ 8) rock Kazakhstani Chankanay (HEU/CHA≈1)—w...

Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) yield very unique fission signatures, namely correlated neutrons and gamma-rays. A major challenge is not only to detect, but also to rapidly identify and recognize SNM with certainty. Accounting for particle multiplicity and correlations is one of standard ways to detect SNM. However, many parameter data such as joint distributions of energy, angle, lifetime, an...

Between 1992 and 1994, there were at least seven unambiguous cases of diversion and recovery of weapons-usable nuclear material that appeared to be linked to the former Soviet Union. The Western nonproliferation community has referred to these as “significant cases” because they provided unequivocal evidence that it was possible for highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium, the essential ing...

OBJECTIVES Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) used in HIV antiretroviral therapy can inhibit human telomerase reverse transcriptase. We therefore investigated whether in utero or childhood exposure to NRTIs affects leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of cellular aging. METHODS In this cross-sectional CARMA cohort study, we investigated factors associated with LTL in HIV...

Abstract Background Rapid identification of organisms causing bloodstream infections is critical for treatment. Traditional workflows rely on 18–24 h growth isolated colonies. Our objective was to evaluate early using Bruker and VITEK® MS PRIME MALDI-TOF systems. Materials Positive blood cultures (BACT/ALERT® FA/FN Plus; bioMérieux VIRTUO®) were included if bottles positive <8 had time-t...

BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is commonly used in antiretroviral treatment (ART) and preexposure prophylaxis regimens. We evaluated the relationship of prenatal TDF use and growth outcomes among Kenyan HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included PCR-confirmed HEU infants enrolled in a cross-sectional survey of mother-infant pairs conducted between ...