Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides (Herbicide group (HG) 15) have been applied to corn and soybean fields in Iowa since the 1960s. The VLCFA-inhibiting are now more frequently control multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus Moq. J.D. Sauer) populations that ubiquitous across Midwest United States as resistance is not widespread. Waterhemp has ...

in order to study the tolerance level of different wild barley (hordeum spontaneum) populations to clodinafop propargyl (topic®), a pot dose response experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at ferdowsi university of mashhad greenhouse in 2009. cultivared barley (hordeum vulgare) and three wild barley populations (shiraz, boshroyeh, and torogh) were stu...

Many large-scale management programs directed toward the control of waterhyacinth rely on maintenance management with herbicides. Improving the implementation of these programs could be achieved through accurately detecting herbicide injury in order to evaluate efficacy. Mesocosm studies were conducted in the fall and summer of 2006 and 2007 at the R. R. Foil Plant Science Research Center, Miss...

wild barley (hordeum spontaneum) has invaded to wheat and barley fields since flamprop-isopropyl was obsolesced in iran. the herbicides of sulfosulfuron and sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl are able to control it at higher-than-recommended dosages, causing a crop injury. hence, two dose-response experiments in factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with four replications wer...

The objective of this study was the evaluation of spray volume and nozzle type effect on different formulation (water dispersible granules WG and oil dispersion OD) of two sulfonylurea herbicides: the mixture iodosulfuron methyl sodium + amidosulfuron and iodosulfuron methyl sodium + mesosulfuron methyl efficacy. There were investigated three levels of spray volume (125 l*ha, 250 l*ha and 350 l...

Arabidopsis thaliana contains multiple carboxyesterases (AtCXEs) with activities toward xenobiotics, including herbicide esters that are activated to their phytotoxic acids upon hydrolysis. On the basis of their susceptibility to inhibition by organophosphates, these AtCXEs are all serine hydrolases. Using a trifunctional probe (TriFP) bearing a fluorophosphonate together with biotin and rhodam...

Herbicide safeners are a series of agrochemicals that can selectively protect crop plants from herbicide injury without affecting herbicidal efficacy. Understanding mechanisms by which act is significant for discovery novel types. Safeners primarily alleviate phytotoxicity to via several actions: (i) enhancing metabolism herbicides in crops; (ii) absorption and transportation (iii) competitivel...