Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder caused by chronic liver failure, particularly in alcoholics with cirrhosis, which results in cognitive, psychiatric, and motor impairments. In these patients, the number of functional liver cells is reduced, and some blood is diverted around the liver before toxins are removed. As a result, toxins such as ammonia and manganese can accumulate in th...

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of acute and chronic liver disease. Its etiology and pathogenesis are thought to be a complex, metabolically induced, and therefore potentially reversible disturbance in brain functions. The diagnosis is based on demonstrating both a disorder of the central nervous system and a concomitant liver disease as well as the exclusion of a...

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a syndrome of neuropsychiatric dysfunction caused by portosystemic venous shunting, with or without intrinsic liver disease. Patients with hepatic encephalopathy often present with the onset of mental status changes ranging from subtle psychologic abnormalities to profound coma. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mental impairment associated with...

A 68 year-old-male with hepatitis C-positive liver cirrhosis was admitted because of liver abscess. After metronidazole was initiated against the infection, mental disturbance appeared. Hepatic encephalopathy was suspected at first, however, the brain MRI showed hyperintense lesion of the bilateral basal dendric nuclei which indicated metronidazole-associated encephalopathy. The symptoms became...

BACKGROUND & AIMS We applied advanced magnetic resonance imaging and Voxed based Morphometry analysis to assess brain tissue density in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Forty eight patients with cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy (17 Child A, 13 Child B, and 18 Child C) and 51 healthy subjects were matched for age and sex. Seventeen patients had history of overt hepatic encephalop...

AIM To investigate the influence of metformin use on liver dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy in a retrospective cohort of diabetic cirrhotic patients. To analyze the impact of metformin on glutaminase activity and ammonia production in vitro. METHODS Eighty-two cirrhotic patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Forty-one patients were classified as insulin sensitizers experienced (me...

Clinical observation of the neuropsychiatric condition, psychometric tests, and EEG recordings has been used to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy. However, no standardization for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has been achieved. According to the study in normal subjects, visual electrophysiology testing is a method of simple, objective record for the medical examination, wh...

Hepatic encephalopathy is a complex disease entity ranging from mild cognitive dysfunction to deep coma. Traditionally, treatment has focused on a reduction of ammonia through a reduced production, absorption, or clearance. Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable antibiotic, which reduces the production of ammonia by gut bacteria and, to some extent, other toxic derivatives from the gut. Clinical trials s...

INTRODUCTION Hepatic encephalopathy is challenging complication of liver dysfunction. Therapeutic treatment options for hepatic encephalopathy are currently limited and have appreciable risks and benefits associated with their use. Rifaximin is a novel anti microbiological agent with wide spectrum of activity that has shown promise as an alternative option for hepatic encephalopathy. AIMS AND...

A 64-year-old woman treated for anemia and ascites exhibited hepatic encephalopathy. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) showed communication between the portal vein and the middle hepatic vein, indicating an intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (PSS). Since hepatic encephalopathy of the patient was resistant to medical treatment, interventional radiology was performed for...