Intracellular Ca(2+) release is a versatile second messenger system. It is modeled here by reaction-diffusion equations for the free Ca(2+) and Ca(2+) buffers, with spatially discrete clusters of stochastic IP(3) receptor channels (IP(3)Rs) controlling the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum. IP(3)Rs are activated by a small rise of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and inhibited ...

The pH stability of the free laccase and the immobilized laccase was determined by incubating the enzyme in different buffers (pH 3.0-8.0) for 6 h at 35 °C. The buffers used were Na2HPO4–sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.0-8.0). The immobilized laccase was collected by centrifugation (3500 g for 3 min) and air-dried. The residual specific activities of free or immobilized laccase were then determined...

Vegetative buffer strips are being widely promoted as an effective technique to protect rivers and streams from the negative impacts of adjacent land uses including forestry and agriculture. An extensive review of the literature revealed that despite the intuitive appeal of buffer strips, data demonstrating their efficacy is highly variable and most studies demonstrating significant nutrient re...

In this paper, we discuss a design technique to reduce the power dissipation of CML buffers for on-chip transmissionlines. CML buffers can operate in higher frequency than conventional static CMOS buffers. On the other hand, the power dissipation is larger than that of the static CMOS buffers. We reduce the power dissipation by using an impedance-unmatched driver. From the pole frequency analys...

Positive affect can help to dampen the impact of adverse life events, facilitating healthy cognitive and emotional functioning after stress. The present review highlights recent findings on stress buffering effects these pleasant feeling states, focusing studies utilizing acute chronic in daily life, manipulations lab, examinations affective adaptations during tasks involving difficult or risky...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are operated with solutions containing various chemical species required for the growth of electrochemically active microorganisms including nutrients and vitamins, substrates, and chemical buffers. Many different buffers are used in laboratory media, but the effects of these buffers and their inherent electrolyte conductivities have not been examined relative to cur...