................................................................................V DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ........................................... VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................... IX TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................. XI TABLE OF FIGURES.................................................................

Electromagnetic-actuated robotic systems have been studied recently for special purposes. Because these systems use external magnetic fields to control their robots, the robots can have simple structures and move with much freedom. In particular, these electromagnetic actuation (EMA) systems are being widely adopted for the actuation of biomedical mini-robots and microrobots for minimally invas...

Using a custom build spectrophotometer equipped with Helmholtz coils and designed to study the effects of magnetic fields on enzyme reactions in real-time we have investigated the influence of fields, from 100 μT to 10 mT and at a variety of field frequencies, on the membrane bound enzymes alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase. We have also employed other methods to apply a magnetic fie...

The synergism of low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment and photodynamic effect on killing of human cancer cells is presented. The weak pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF) generated by Helmholtz coils in the mT range influences the permeability of cell membranes for photosensitizers. Several types of sensitizers were excited by visible light during incorporation without and with two k...

Space distribution of low magnetic field amounting to 1 mT can be measured in detail using a commercial 3D probe with a modified control circuit. The probe was calibrated carefully using a known field from Helmholtz coils. The 3D positioning system enables the measurement of the field distribution. The apparatus was used for measuring the magnetic field of the electromagnetic flow meter. Additi...

Based on findings in various mammalian species, where exposure to electromagnetic fields decreased the nocturnal synthesis of the pineal secretory product melatonin, we investigated the effects of magnetic field (MF) exposure in a teleost fish, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Fields were generated by Helmholtz coils (maximum flux density 40 microT, frequency 1 Hz, 200 ms on, 800 ms off...

Distribution of magnetic flux density in electromagnetic (EM) flow meter is significantly important for obtaining accurate flow rate. Helmholtz coils are used to generate homogenous magnetic flux density in the cross section of flow pipe of electromagnetic (EM) flow meter is presented in this paper. In this work, a simulation model with the EM module of finite element analysis software, COMSOL ...

The design and construction of an RF coil system for use in MR breast imaging is described. The two-ring, tuned Helmholtz coil, with its axis perpendicular to the chest, surrounds a single pendant breast and is coupled both internally and to the MRI transmitter/receiver by mutual induction. The addition of two symmetrical RF shields minimizes losses in the chest and significantly improves perfo...