In this review we will concentrate on the nonperturbative effects in properties of hadrons made from light-heavy and heavy-heavy quarks framework Instanton Liquid Model (ILM) QCD vacuum. We briefly discuss main features ILM its applicability heavy quark sector. The gluonic systems, light correlators instanton background are also analyzed. Consideration both, perturbative nonperturbative, gluon ...

Petroleum heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) containing 10 wt.% of petroleum wax was hydrocracked at 390–430 °C and under the pressure 18 MPa over a Ni W/amorphous silica-alumina catalyst in continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The hydrocracking reference feed (neat HVGO) carried out same reaction conditions. physico-chemical properties primary products obtained via laboratory atmospheric-vacuum distill...

The paper proposes a new method for the analysis and evaluation of the Quality of Service (QoS) in a mobile Internet access scenario. In particular, the paper proposes a throughput evaluation method based on PathChirp algorithm. The end-to-end bandwidth was estimated by means of the Self Loading of Periodic Streams (SloPS) technique. The obtained measurements were then analyzed by estimating th...

We calculate the QCD corrected effective Hamiltonian for BB–Mixing in heavy quark effective theory including corrections of the order ΛQCD/mb. The matrix elements of the subleading operators are estimated using the vacuum insertion assumption. We show that the major part of the subleading corrections may be absorbed into the heavy meson decay constant fB; the remaining corrections are only due ...

Running a crude vacuum tower in a deep cut mode can provide economic and operational benefits to the refiner. Fully evaluating these benefits usually requires an engineering study. Crude type, furnace, tower, exchanger and vacuum jet equipment all play important roles in the ultimate capacity, low-pressure capability and revamp cost of each specific unit. However, a simplified analysis can bene...

Magnetic strings are defined as infinitely thin surfaces which are closed in the vacuum and can be open on an external monopole trajectory (that is, defined by 't Hooft loop). We review briefly lattice data on the magnetic strings which refer mostly to SU(2) and SU(3) pure Yang-Mills theories and concentrate on implications of the strings for the Yang-Mills plasma. We argue that magnetic string...

Medium-induced gluon radiation is usually identified as the dominant dynamical mechanism underling the jet quenching phenomenon observed in heavy-ion collisions. In its actual implementation, multiple medium-induced gluon emissions are assumed to be independent, leading, in the eikonal approximation, to a Poisson distribution. Here, we introduce a medium term in the splitting probabilities so t...

Next-to-next-to-leading order vacuum polarization function of heavy quark near threshold and sum rules for b ¯ b system. Abstract A correlator of the vector current of a heavy quark is computed analytically near threshold in the next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative and relativistic expansion that includes α 2 s , α s v and v 2 corrections in the coupling constant and velocity of the he...