To investigate the primary structural determinants affecting heat resistance of Clostridium sporogenes spores, electron micrographs of heat-sensitive (D121 degrees C = 0.56 min) and heat-resistant (D121 degrees C = 0.93 min) spores of C. sporogenes were taken with a transmission electron microscope. The mean thickness (+/- standard deviation [SD]) of coat layers and cortex regions of heat-sensi...

The optimum design of the heat sink by using differential evolution (DE) method is discussed in the present paper. The DE strategy (DE/ best/ 1/exp) is used here because this strategy is best strategy for heat transfer applications [1]. The main procedures for the heat sink optimization is found the minimum thermal resistance (maximize the heat transfer per unit volume) of the heat sink in orde...

the fluid flow and heat transfer in a three-dimensional microchannel filled with al2o3- water nanofluid is numerically investigated. the hybrid scheme is used to discretize the convection terms and simpler algorithm is adopted to couple the velocity and pressure field in the momentum equations. the temperature fields, variation of horizontal velocity along the centre line of the channel, averag...

Parameterizations of aerodynamic resistance to heat and water transfer have a significant impact on the accuracy of models of land – atmosphere interactions and of estimated surface fluxes using spectro-radiometric data collected from aircrafts and satellites. We have used measurements from an eddy correlation system to derive the aerodynamic resistance to heat transfer over a bare soil surface...

Clothing is often made of materials that impede the flow of heat and moisture from the skin to the environment. Consequently, people may suffer from heat stress or cold stress when wearing clothing in different environmental conditions. Therefore it is important to quantify the thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing materials and to consider these properties when selecting ma...

Heat treatment and cooking are common interventions for reducing the numbers of vegetative cells and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in food. Current cooking method requires the internal temperature of beef patties to reach 71°C. However, some pathogenic Escherichia coli such as the beef isolate E. coli AW 1.7 are extremely heat resistant, questioning its inactivation by current heat inte...

CANADA, JAMES C. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), AND DOROTHY H. STRONG. Effect of animal alimentary passage on the heat resistance of Clostridium perfringens. Appl. Microbiol. 13:788-792. 1965.-The resistance to heat, as measured by D values and phantom thermal death time curves, was observed to increase for one of three strains of Clostridium perfringens type A subsequent to animal passage...

Ascospores from 25 strains of Byssochlamys were studied for their ability to resist heat treatment in a standard defined medium. Seven of these were able to survive heating at 90 degrees C for 25 min or longer, when initial numbers were frequently near 10(6)/ml. Ascospores from five resistant strains suspended in the medium at pH 5.0 were usually more resistant than those at pH 3.6. Rapid heat ...

Variable thermal environments experienced by most organisms warrant mechanisms to adjust the expression of phenotypic values to environmental needs. Here we explored short(mainly developmental plasticity) and long-term effects (genetic differentiation across altitudes) of temperature variation using copper butterflies as model organisms. Lower compared to higher developmental temperatures yield...

OBJECTIVE Heat treatment and overexpression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) have been shown to protect against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, but little is known about the underlying mechanism or the target tissue of HSP action. The purpose of this study is to determine whether in vivo heat treatment can prevent skeletal muscle insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Male ...