background: despite demonstration of molecular and biochemical changes induced by heat shock on leishmania , the immunological importance of such changes has not been elucidated.   objective: studying the effect of two excretory factors prepared under heat shock and ambient temperature from leishmania major on balb/c splenocytes function.   methods: the parasites were cultured at 25 ° c and the...

Heat production measurements can be performed in two ways: direct and indirect calorimetry. Direct calorimetry is the measurement of heat loss, which under normal steady-state conditions equals the heat production (H). Indirect calorimetry is the calculation of heat production based on parameters related to the heat production, such as respiratory gas exchange (O2 and CO2) and nitrogen excretio...

FEW physiologic functions are so well guarded as the thermoneutral zone. It is kept within a narrow limit of 0.2°C via most sophisticated sensing/effector mechanisms. This way, optimal working conditions for the cellular machinery are preserved. During anesthesia, the thermoneutral zone widens by a factor of 10. Therefore, protective measures to prevent heat loss, such as vasoconstriction, may ...

The dynamics of cellular heat production and propagation remains elusive at a subcellular level. Here we report the first small molecule fluorescent thermometer selectively targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER thermo yellow), with the highest sensitivity reported so far (3.9%/°C). Unlike nanoparticle thermometers, ER thermo yellow stains the target organelle evenly without the commonly encou...

A micro-calorimeter, suitable for detecting rates of heat production of the order of 1 mcal/h in about 2*3 ml. fluid, is described. Measurements have been made with it of the anaerobic heat production of bull spermatozoa in semen. The result, for the first hour, 220+ 15 mcal/109 live spermatozoa/h at 37° C, is consistent with the hypothesis that, in the first hour of incubation, the heat produc...

A micro-calorimeter, suitable for detecting rates of heat production of the order of 1 mcal/h in about 2*3 ml. fluid, is described. Measurements have been made with it of the anaerobic heat production of bull spermatozoa in semen. The result, for the first hour, 220+ 15 mcal/109 live spermatozoa/h at 37° C, is consistent with the hypothesis that, in the first hour of incubation, the heat produc...

The effect of body fatness on the fasting heat production and energetic efficiency of adult sheep was studied. Energy balance and heat production were determined in adult wether sheep at three fatness levels given a diet of grass hay and maize at four feeding levels, including fasting, in open-circuit respiration chambers. The sheep weighted approximately 60 kg at the start and were fed over a ...

Due to rising fuel costs, the substantial price for CO2 emissions and decreasing wind power costs, wind power might become the least expensive source of power for an increasing number of power systems. This poses the questions of how wind power might change optimal investments in other forms of power production and what kind of means could be used to increase power system flexibility in order t...